United States v. Benn

10-2961-cr
U.S. v. Benn
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed on or after January
1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1.
When citing a summary order in a document filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix
or an electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy
of it on any party not represented by counsel.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York,
on the 2nd day of September, two thousand eleven.
PRESENT:
JON O. NEWMAN,
PETER W. HALL,
Circuit Judges,
LORETTA A. PRESKA,*
Chief District Judge.
__________________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 10-2961-cr
LEVERN BENN, also known as L.B.,
Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________________________
*
The Honorable Loretta A. Preska, of the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York, sitting by designation.
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FOR APPELLANT: FRANCISCO CELEDONIO, Law Office of Francisco E.
Caledonio, Esq., New York, New York.
FOR APPELLEE: PREET BHARARA (Jason A. Masimore, Karl Metzner,
Assistant United States Attorneys, of counsel), United
States Attorney for the Southern District of New York,
New York, New York.
Appeal from an amended judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York (Keenan, J.). UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY
ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.
Defendant-Appellant Levern Benn appeals from a July 14, 2010 amended judgment
convicting him, following a guilty plea, of conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to
distribute 50 grams or more of a mixture or substance containing cocaine base (“crack”) in
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 846. The district court imposed the mandatory minimum
sentence under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) of 120 months’ imprisonment and five years of
supervised release. Benn’s primary contention on appeal is that the district court erred in
sentencing him to the mandatory minimum because his allocution provided insufficient factual
support in his guilty plea to apply the § 841(b)(1)(A) sentence enhancement. Specifically, Benn
argues that, because he was never asked to state or admit that his offense involved 50 grams or
more of crack, a necessary element under § 841(b)(1)(A), the district court should have
sentenced him under § 841(b)(1)(C) which provides for a sentence requiring no determination of
drug quantity with no mandatory minimum sentence. We assume the parties’ familiarity with
the underlying facts and the procedural history of the case.
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We review sentences for procedural and substantive reasonableness under an abuse of
discretion standard, where factual findings are reviewed for clear error. United States v.
Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 127 (2d Cir. 2008). Because the appeal, in substance, centers on the
sufficiency of the defendant’s plea allocution, it is a review of the procedural reasonableness of
the sentence. See id. We therefore treat a district court’s finding regarding the factual basis for a
plea “deferentially and will not reverse unless the [finding] rests on an error of law, a clearly
erroneous finding of fact, or otherwise cannot be located within the range of permissible
decisions.” United States v. Gonzalez, 420 F.3d 111, 120 (2d Cir. 2005) (internal quotation
marks and citations omitted).
The Supreme Court has made clear that drug quantities are elements of aggravated
narcotics offenses, see Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490 (2000), so the quantity of
drugs involved in an offense “must always be pleaded and proved to a jury or admitted by a
defendant to support conviction or sentence on an aggravated offense,” Gonzalez, 420 F.3d at
131. The factual basis for the offense can be established in a number of ways so long as the
relevant facts are on the record or put on the record at the time of the plea. See United States v.
Andrades, 169 F.3d 131, 134 (2d Cir. 1999); see also Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(3) (setting forth the
requirement that district courts “determine that there is a factual basis for the plea” before
entering judgment on it). Rule 11 only requires that “the conduct to which the defendant admits
is in fact an offense under the statutory provision under which he is pleading guilty.” United
States v. Maher, 108 F.3d 1513, 1524 (2d Cir. 1997). The court is “free to rely on any facts at its
disposal,” Irizarry v. United States, 508 F.2d 960, 967 (2d Cir. 1974), including facts that can be
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“culled by the court from the government’s proffer or from elsewhere,” Maher, 108 F.3d at
1529.
Benn asserts that it was error for the district court to sentence him in accordance with the
mandatory minimum of § 841(b)(1)(A) because he never admitted the quantity of narcotics
involved in the conspiracy. This argument is without merit. Our review of the record reveals
clearly that the indictment charged Benn with an offense involving 50 grams or more of a
mixture or substance containing crack, that Benn understood the allegations against him, and that
he entered into a plea agreement which stated explicitly that he was pleading guilty to conspiring
to distribute and possess with intent to distribute 50 grams and more of substances containing
cocaine base. Furthermore, during the Rule 11 proceedings the court specifically cautioned
Benn not to plead guilty if he did not agree that his offense involved at least 50 grams of crack,
to wit: “Court: ‘If you don' t think it was 50 grams, then I don't want you to plead guilty.’”
Following the court’s admonition, Benn did not deny that his offense involved less than the
statutory quantity. Rather he listened to the government’s proffer, and in response to the court’s
question: “Are you offering to plead guilty because in truth and in fact you are guilty?” stated,
“Yes.” As the court continued to follow up, Benn admitted to conducting numerous sales during
a portion of the period charged for the conspiracy. Considered together with the government’s
proffer during the course of the Rule 11 proceedings, Benn’s admissions are sufficient to support
the district court’s finding that he knowingly participated in a conspiracy that involved 50 grams
or more of crack cocaine. The district court did not abuse its discretion in making such a
finding.
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Benn did not seek to withdraw his guilty plea at any time, as did the defendants in Adams
or Gonzalez. Thus, the issue before us is not the validity of the plea, but only the validity of the
sentence. Where, as here, a quantity finding is adequately supported in the record, there is no
requirement that the quantity needed to support a minimum sentence be explicitly admitted by a
defendant.
We have considered Benn’s remaining arguments on appeal and conclude that they are
without merit. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
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