United States v. Torres

13-1412-cr
USA v. Torres
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED
ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A
DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST
SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United
3 States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
4 on the 17th day of March, two thousand fourteen.
5
6 PRESENT: DENNIS JACOBS,
7 PIERRE N. LEVAL,
8 ROSEMARY S. POOLER,
9 Circuit Judges.
10
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12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
13 Appellee,
14
15 -v.- 13-1412-cr
16
17 JANCARLOS G. TORRES,
18 Defendant-Appellant.1
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20
21 FOR APPELLANT: EDWARD S. ZAS, Of Counsel,
22 Federal Defenders of New York,
23 Inc., New York, New York.
24
1
The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the
caption as above.
1
1 FOR APPELLEE: CHRISTOPHER CAFFARONE, Assistant
2 United States Attorney (Amy
3 Busa, Assistant United States
4 Attorney, on the brief), for
5 Loretta E. Lynch, United States
6 Attorney for the Eastern
7 District of New York, New York,
8 New York.
9
10 Appeal from a sentence of the United States District
11 Court for the Eastern District of New York (Bianco, J.).
12
13 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED
14 AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court be
15 AFFIRMED.
16
17 Jancarlos Torres appeals from a judgment of conviction
18 entered on April 16, 2013, revoking his supervised release
19 and sentencing him to 18 months’ imprisonment to be followed
20 by one year of supervised release. He challenges the
21 procedural and substantive reasonableness of his sentence.
22 We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying
23 facts, the procedural history, and the issues presented for
24 review.
25
26 We review criminal sentences deferentially, for
27 reasonableness only. See Gall v. United States, 552 U.S.
28 38, 51 (2007) (“The fact that the appellate court might
29 reasonably have concluded that a different sentence was
30 appropriate is insufficient to justify reversal of the
31 district court.”). “Reasonableness review requires an
32 examination of the length of the sentence (substantive
33 reasonableness) as well as the procedure employed in
34 arriving at the sentence (procedural reasonableness).”
35 United States v. Johnson, 567 F.3d 40, 51 (2d Cir. 2009).
36 The standard of review for both inquiries is abuse of
37 discretion. United States v. Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 127
38 (2d Cir. 2008).
39
40 Procedural Challenge. “A district court commits
41 procedural error where it fails to calculate (or improperly
42 calculates) the Sentencing Guidelines range, treats the
43 Sentencing Guidelines as mandatory, fails to consider the
44 [18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a) factors, selects a sentence based on
45 clearly erroneous facts, or fails adequately to explain the
46 chosen sentence.” United States v. Robinson, 702 F.3d 22,
47 38 (2d Cir. 2012) (citing Gall, 552 U.S. at 51).
2
1 Torres argues that his 18-month sentence–-pronounced
2 orally at sentencing, and memorialized in writing on the
3 district court’s docket (Docket Entry 34) and in its Final
4 Judgment--was procedurally unreasonable because the
5 Statement of Reasons issued simultaneously with the written
6 judgment purports to justify a sentence of only 16 months.
7
8 “[W]here there is a direct conflict between an
9 unambiguous oral pronouncement of sentence and the written
10 judgment and commitment, . . . the oral pronouncement, as
11 correctly reported, must control.” United States v.
12 Asuncion-Pimental, 290 F.3d 91, 93 (2d Cir. 2002) (per
13 curiam) (citation omitted). Here, the written judgment and
14 the earlier oral pronouncement of sentence agree. Since
15 “‘the written statement of reasons has a clerical, and not
16 substantive, origin[,]’” we are “‘unwilling[] to allow
17 [those] written statements to obfuscate unambiguous
18 reasoning given by a district court at the oral hearing[.]’”
19 United States v. Gracesqui, 512 F. App’x 97, 99 (2d Cir.
20 2013)(quoting United States v. Denny, 653 F.3d 415, 422 (6th
21 Cir. 2011)).
22
23 There is no ambiguity in the district court’s oral
24 sentence, and that sentence is confirmed by the written
25 judgment and the relevant entry on the district court’s
26 docket. Accordingly, we see no procedural error.
27
28 Substantive Challenge. Finally, Torres challenges his
29 sentence as substantively unreasonable. “In reviewing [a
30 sentence] for substantive reasonableness, we consider the
31 totality of the circumstances, and reverse only in
32 exceptional cases where the trial court’s decision cannot be
33 located within the range of permissible decisions[.]”
34 United States v. Mason, 692 F.3d 178, 181 (2d Cir. 2012)
35 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The
36 standard “provide[s] a backstop for those few cases that,
37 although procedurally correct, would nonetheless damage the
38 administration of justice because the sentence imposed was
39 shockingly high, shockingly low, or otherwise unsupportable
40 as a matter of law.” United States v. Rigas, 583 F.3d 108,
41 123 (2d Cir. 2009).
42
43 Torres, a citizen of Honduras, was sentenced for
44 violating the terms of his supervised release by again
45 entering the United States unlawfully--this time barely four
46 months after his supervised release began. The 18-month
47 sentence--within (though at the top of) the Guidelines
3
1 range, and 6 months below the statutory maximum--is well
2 within the range of permissible decisions in these
3 circumstances. The district court gave no undue weight to
4 Torres’s four prior convictions for drunk driving; rather,
5 it properly considered those dangerous crimes in light of
6 Torres’s quick return to the United States in violation of
7 his supervised release and in spite of the district court’s
8 prior leniency. Torres’s “complete lack of respect for the
9 law” and repeated attempts to enter the country illegally,
10 the district court reasoned, warranted a sentence capable of
11 specific and general deterrence. Tr. of Sentencing at 7,
12 March 27, 2013.
13
14 The district court’s analysis was consistent with the
15 United States Sentencing Commission policy statement that
16 “at revocation the court should sanction primarily the
17 defendant’s breach of trust, while taking into account, to a
18 limited degree, the seriousness of the underlying violation
19 and the criminal history of the violator.” U.S.S.G. ch. 7,
20 pt. A, intro. comment 3(b). In that light, we have little
21 difficulty concluding that Torres’s sentence is not
22 substantively unreasonable.
23
24 For the foregoing reasons, and finding no merit in
25 Torres’s other arguments, we hereby AFFIRM the judgment of
26 the district court and REMAND to the district court to
27 correct the clerical error in the Statement of Reasons.
28
29 FOR THE COURT:
30 CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
31
4