Shah v. United States

22-777-cv
Shah v. United States of America
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS
PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
(WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY
COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
3 City of New York, on the 19th day of December, two thousand twenty-two.
4
5 PRESENT: RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
6 SUSAN L. CARNEY,
7 ALISON J. NATHAN,
8 Circuit Judges.
9 ------------------------------------------------------------------
10 BHUPENDRA K. SHAH,
11
12 Plaintiff-Appellant,
13
14 v. No. 22-777-cv
15
16 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
17
18 Defendant-Appellee.
19 ------------------------------------------------------------------
1 FOR APPELLANT: BHUPENDRA K. SHAH, pro se,
2 Pearl River, NY
3
4 FOR APPELLEE: No appearance
5 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the
6 Southern District of New York (Laura Taylor Swain, Chief Judge).
7 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
8 AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
9 Bhupendra Shah, proceeding pro se, appeals from a March 14, 2022
10 judgment of the District Court (Swain, C.J.) dismissing his complaint sua sponte
11 and without prejudice for failure to comply with a filing injunction previously
12 imposed on August 19, 2014. The injunction, which was imposed due to Shah’s
13 history of frivolous pro se litigation in the Southern District of New York,
14 required Shah to obtain leave from the District Court before filing any new
15 actions in the Southern District of New York. When the injunction was
16 imposed, Shah was warned that if he “violate[d] this order and file[d] an action
17 without first filing a motion for leave to file, the action will be dismissed for
18 failure to comply with this order.” Shah v. N. Y. S. Off. of Mental Health, No.
19 14-cv-3304, ECF No. 7 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 22, 2014) (bar order). Shah sought to
2
1 appeal the judgment imposing the filing injunction, but on May 7, 2015, this
2 Court dismissed his appeal for lack of jurisdiction because it was not timely filed.
3 Shah v. N. Y. S. Off. of Mental Health, No. 15-655-cv, ECF No. 23 (2d Cir. May 7,
4 2015) (order dismissing appeal).
5 On March 11, 2022, Shah filed the complaint initiating this action in the
6 Southern District of New York without first obtaining leave to file. On March
7 14, 2022, the District Court dismissed the action without prejudice for Shah’s
8 “failure to comply with the August 19, 2014 order.” App’x iv. Shah appealed.
9 We have not previously decided how to construe a challenge to a district
10 court’s dismissal of a docketed complaint pursuant to an anti-filing injunction.
11 We have held that “[a]n appellate challenge (however styled) to a court’s refusal
12 to accept for filing papers that were submitted in violation of an anti-filing
13 injunction, or in compliance with one, will be construed as petitions for
14 mandamus and docketed as such in this Court.” Hong Mai Sa v. Doe, 406 F.3d
15 155, 158 (2d Cir. 2005). But here, the District Court accepted Shah’s complaint
16 before dismissing it for failure to comply with the filing injunction.
17 Although there remains some question about whether to construe Shah’s
3
1 challenge as a petition for a writ of mandamus or as a direct appeal, construing it
2 as a direct appeal results in a standard of review that is more favorable to Shah.
3 So construed, we affirm the District Court’s judgment of dismissal. The filing
4 injunction remains in full force and applies to all actions filed by Shah in the
5 Southern District, including this one. Upon receiving Shah’s complaint, the
6 District Court properly applied the terms of the injunction to dismiss the case.
7 See, e.g., Hong Mai Sa, 406 F.3d at 158 (“No due process issue is presented by
8 [the filing injunction] procedure and disposition.”); Johnson v. Chairman N.Y.C.
9 Transit Auth., 377 F. App’x 46, 48 (2d Cir. 2010) (summary order) (affirming
10 dismissal of an action pursuant to a similar anti-filing injunction); see also In re
11 Martin-Trigona, 9 F.3d 226, 228 (2d Cir. 1993) (“[C]ourts may resort to restrictive
12 measures that except from normally available procedures litigants who have
13 abused their litigation opportunities.”). Moreover, because the District Court
14 dismissed Shah’s complaint without prejudice, Shah may re-file his complaint if
15 he complies with the leave-to-file procedure set forth in the filing injunction.
16 To the extent that Shah argues that the imposition of the filing injunction
17 violated his due-process rights, the validity of that order is not properly before
4
1 this Court. See Hong Mai Sa, 406 F.3d at 158 (“Any challenge to the procedures
2 authorized by [the filing injunction] either w[as] or could have been raised on the
3 direct appeal from that order.”); see also Midamines SPRL Ltd. v. KBC Bank
4 N.V., 719 F. App’x 41, 44 (2d Cir. 2017) (summary order) (“To the extent the
5 appellants seek here to challenge the propriety of the filing injunction, we lack
6 jurisdiction to review it, and we reject any effort to litigate or resolve additional
7 issues not properly before this court.”).
8 We have considered Shah’s remaining arguments and conclude that they
9 are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the District Court’s judgment is
10 AFFIRMED.
11 FOR THE COURT:
12 Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
5