United States v. Felix Pena-Jaquez

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 13-1112
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
FELIX PENA-JAQUEZ
a/k/a Felix Pena
a/k/a Felix Antonio Pena
a/k/a Carlos Rosario
Felix Pena-Jaquez,
Appellant
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 5-12-cr-00103-001)
District Judge: Honorable James Knoll Gardner
Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on September 4, 2014
Before: GREENAWAY, JR., VANASKIE and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: October 9, 2014)
OPINION
ROTH, Circuit Judge:
Felix Pena-Jaquez appeals from a final judgment of conviction and sentence on
charges of illegal reentry after deportation, in violation of 8 U.S.C. §§ 1326(a) & (b)(2).
Pena-Jaquez pleaded guilty and was sentenced to fifty-seven months’ imprisonment,
which was within the advisory Sentencing Guidelines range. On appeal, Pena-Jaquez
argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because, in the Presentence
Investigation Report (PSR), the District Court refused to excise references to charges
dismissed in a previous criminal prosecution and because the District Court failed to
meaningfully consider his request for a downward variance. We conclude that the
District Court did not meaningfully consider each of Pena-Jaquez’s mitigation arguments,
and so we will vacate and remand.
I.1
We recently held that criminal defendants must make a separate and
contemporaneous objection to a procedural error at sentencing “in order to preserve the
error and avoid plain error review.” United States v. Flores-Mejia, 753 F.3d 253, 258 (3d
Cir. 2014) (en banc). We also held in Flores-Mejia that we would “not apply this new
rule retroactively” to criminal defendants sentenced prior to the issuance of that opinion.
Id at 259. We therefore review the District Court’s sentence for abuse of discretion. Id.A.
1
The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We exercise jurisdiction
over Pena-Jaquez’s appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a).
2
Pena-Jaquez first argues that the District Court abused its discretion by
considering state criminal charges that had been filed against Pena-Jaquez, but had been
dismissed. We have previously held “that a bare arrest record—without more—does not
justify an assumption that a defendant has committed other crimes.” United States v.
Berry, 553 F.3d 273, 284 (3d Cir. 2009). Here, however, the District Court did not rely
on a bare arrest record or any unsupported speculation about Pena-Jaquez’s background
in considering the § 3553(a) factors. During the statement of reasons for selecting the
sentence, the District Court did not mention any charges against Pena-Jaquez that did not
result in convictions. The only reference the District Court made to charged crimes that
did not result in convictions came at the beginning of the sentencing in response to Pena-
Jaquez’s objection. And even then the District Court noted that it “agree[d] with the
thrust of the objection, that simply because” Pena-Jaquez was charged with particular
offenses, “it does not mean that he was convicted of those offenses
The fact that Pena-Jaquez’s PSR contained references to these charges does not
constitute reversible error. The Sentencing Guidelines expressly permit sentencing courts
to consider evidence of “[p]rior similar adult criminal conduct not resulting in a criminal
conviction” for purposes of a departure. U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(a)(2)(E). Federal law
provides that “[n]o limitation shall be placed on the information concerning the
background, character, and conduct of a person convicted of an offense which a court of
the United States may receive and consider for the purpose of imposing an appropriate
sentence.” 18 U.S.C. § 3661. It was not an abuse of discretion for the District Court to
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overrule Pena-Jaquez’s objection to the single sentence in his PSR that truthfully
identified criminal charges that had not resulted in convictions.
B.
In response to a procedural challenge to a criminal sentence, we review the record
of the District Court proceedings to ensure that “the district judge ‘has considered the
parties’ arguments and has a reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decisionmaking
authority.’” United States v. Begin, 696 F.3d 405, 411 (3d Cir. 2012) (quoting United
States v. Merced, 603 F.3d 203, 214 (3d Cir. 2010)). For a District Court to meaningfully
consider a defendant’s sentence arguments, “one concrete requirement” is that “the court
must acknowledge and respond to any properly presented sentencing argument which has
colorable legal merit and a factual basis.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
At his sentencing hearing, Pena-Jaquez made four arguments in support of his
request for a downward variance. Specifically, Pena-Jaquez argued that he had close
family ties in the United States, that his criminal history was inflated by a single old and
relatively minor offense, that he had been in state custody for a substantial period of time
after his illegal reentry, and that he provided substantial cooperation with law
enforcement as part of his 2008 conviction for a marijuana conspiracy. One witness—
Pena-Jaquez’s sister—testified on the defendant’s behalf, testifying that Pena-Jaquez was
greatly missed by his family, who looked forward to a time when he would no longer be
incarcerated.
After hearing from the government with respect to sentencing, the District Court
sentenced Pena-Jaquez to a term of imprisonment of fifty-seven months against a
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Guidelines range of forty-six to fifty-seven months.2 In explaining the reasons for the
sentence, the District Court made statements that alluded to some, but not all, of defense
counsel’s sentencing arguments without explicitly ruling on them. With respect to family
ties, the District Court stated that Pena-Jaquez would be deported regardless of the
sentence the Court imposed. In considering the defendant’s history and characteristics,
the District Court provided a detailed recitation of Pena-Jaquez’s prior convictions and
terms of incarceration. The District Court also referred to Pena-Jaquez’s cooperation
with local government authorities during his 2008 arrest on drug charges, but explained
“[t]hat cooperation and benefit was limited to that particular case.”
Despite these statements, the District Court did not explicitly respond to Pena-
Jaquez’s request for a downward variance, nor did the District Court clearly explain that
the reasons offered did not warrant a reduced sentence.3 Furthermore, the District Court
did not respond to Pena-Jaquez’s arguments regarding the age of the convictions
contributing to his criminal history points or his already lengthy incarceration. This
failure to address Pena-Jaquez’s arguments requires us to vacate the sentence and remand
for resentencing. See, e.g., United States v. Sevilla, 541 F.3d 226, 233 (3d Cir. 2008),
overruled on other grounds by Flores-Mejia, 759 F.3d at 258.
2
Pena-Jaquez did not object to the calculation of his Guidelines range.
3
At one point, the District Court also apparently misunderstood the timeline central to
Pena-Jaquez’s cooperation argument, stating that Pena-Jaquez’s cooperation in 2008
“unfortunately . . . did not deter the defendant from his illegal reentry crime,” which was
committed in 2006. This statement alone supports the conclusion that the District Court
abused its discretion by imposing a procedurally unreasonable sentence because it
constitutes a clearly erroneous factual conclusion. See United States v. Tomko, 562 F.3d
558, 567–68 (3d Cir. 2009) (en banc).
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II.
For the foregoing reasons, we will vacate the Pena-Jaquez’s sentence and remand
for resentencing.
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