Abdullah Brown v. Warden Fairton FCI

ALD-252 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 14-4514
___________
ABDULLAH ROBERT BROWN,
Appellant
v.
WARDEN FAIRTON FCI
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. Civil No. 14-cv-00457)
District Judge: Honorable Jerome B. Simandle
____________________________________
Submitted on a Motion for Summary Dismissal
Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
June 25, 2015
Before: RENDELL, CHAGARES and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: July 2, 2015)
_________
OPINION*
_________
*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
PER CURIAM
Pro se appellant Abdullah Brown is currently serving a 240 month term of
imprisonment imposed by the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York after being convicted of conspiracy to commit murder in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 1959(a)(5). His projected release date is August 6, 2016. Brown filed a habeas
petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the United States District Court for the District
of New Jersey, the jurisdiction in which he is confined, seeking an order directing the
Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to transfer him to home confinement placement or a
“community correctional center (CCC)”1 pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b). The District
Court dismissed the petition, and this appeal ensued. Appellee, the Warden at the Federal
Correctional Institution at Fairton, N.J., moved for summary dismissal on the ground that
the appeal is moot. For the reasons that follow, we will grant the motion for summary
dismissal.
Brown’s challenge to the BOP’s failure to transfer him to an RRC lies under
§ 2241, see Woodall v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 432 F.3d 235, 243-44 (3d Cir. 2005);
accordingly, no certificate of appealability is required to appeal, see Burkey v. Marberry,
556 F.3d 142, 146 (3d Cir. 2009). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 &
2253(a).
1
In 2006, the BOP began referring to “Community Corrections Centers” as “Residential
Reentry Centers” (“RRCs”), a term we will use henceforth in this opinion.
2
There are two statutory provisions which govern the BOP’s authority to place
prisoners in RRCs. The BOP has discretion under § 3621(b) to permit a prisoner to serve
all or part of his sentence in an RRC. In contrast, pursuant to the Second Chance Act, 18
U.S.C. § 3624, the BOP “shall, to the extent practicable, ensure that a prisoner serving a
term of imprisonment spends a portion of the final months of that term (not to exceed 12
months) under conditions that will afford that prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust
to and prepare for the reentry of that prisoner into the community.” The BOP issued
guidance directing that inmates be reviewed for pre-release RRC placements 17-19
months before their projected release dates. We have noted that the BOP’s discretionary
authority under § 3621(b) is not limited by the temporal references in § 3624(c).
Woodall, 432 F.3d at 250-51. Accordingly, under § 3621(b), the BOP may place a
prisoner into an RRC at any point during the term of imprisonment.
In his § 2241 petition, filed in January 2014, Brown alleged that he was being
“deprived of [his] liberty interest” because the BOP had failed to exercise its authority
pursuant to § 3621(b) to transfer him to an RRC. In March 2014, Brown submitted an
affidavit indicating that the BOP had denied his request for a transfer on February 21,
2014. A copy of that decision, which was attached to the affidavit, essentially concluded
that Brown’s request for RRC placement under § 3624(c) was premature and that, “[i]n
addition,” he was not eligible for RRC placement under § 3621(b). The Warden filed a
3
response to the petition2 and Brown filed a motion for summary judgment. The District
Court denied the motion for summary judgment and dismissed the petition, holding that
Brown had no liberty interest in his RRC placement, see Powell v. Weiss, 757 F.3d 338,
343 (3d Cir. 2014) (a prisoner has no liberty interest “in his anticipated transfer to a
community correctional center”), and that he was not yet entitled to consideration under
§ 3624(c). On appeal, Brown argues that the District Court erred in dismissing his
petition because the BOP failed to consider his request for placement pursuant to §
3621(b), which does not impose temporal limits on RRC placement. In his motion for
summary dismissal, the Warden argues that the appeal is moot because Brown was
considered for RRC placement. We agree.
Because the decision to transfer a prisoner pursuant to § 3621(b) is discretionary,
the appropriate remedy for Brown’s § 2241 petition would be “an order requiring the
BOP to consider – in good faith – whether or not [he] should be transferred to a[n RRC]”
pursuant to § 3621(b). Woodall, 432 F.3d at 251 (“[T]hat the BOP may assign a prisoner
2
In his response, the Warden asserted that Brown’s affidavit was not part of the habeas
petition and therefore not properly before the Court. The District Court appears to have
considered the affidavit as an amendment to the petition, as it addressed, in part, the
issues raised by the affidavit in its opinion. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1); see also Mayle
v. Feliz, 545 U.S. 644, 655 (2005) (“Before a responsive pleading is served, pleadings
may be amended once as a ‘matter of course,’ i.e., without seeking court leave.”). The
Warden further argued that the issue the affidavit raised with respect to a transfer
pursuant to § 3621(b) was unexhausted. He nevertheless stated that Brown “has
exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to this request to be placed in an RRC
or home confinement.” It appears from the record that Brown has requested RRC
placement only pursuant to § 3621(b). Because we conclude that the appeal is moot, we
need not address the exhaustion issue.
4
to a CCC does not mean that it must.”). But, Brown received this individualized
determination on February 21, 2014. In denying his request for RRC placement on that
date, the Unit Team indicated that, “in addition” to the matter being premature under the
Second Chance Act, Brown was not then ready for RRC placement: “[Y]our current
designation is appropriate. . . . Therefore, your request to be transferred to an RRC at this
time is denied.” (Emphasis added). Accordingly, because there is no further relief
available, the appeal is moot.3 Main Line Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. Tri-Kell, Inc., 721
F.2d 904, 907 (3d Cir. 1983) (“the determination that a case is moot requires that there be
nothing gained by reaching a decision.”); County of Morris v. Nationalist Movement, 273
F.3d 527, 533 (3d Cir. 2001) (“The mootness doctrine is centrally concerned with the
court's ability to grant effective relief”).
Because we conclude that this appeal is moot, we will grant Appellee’s motion for
summary dismissal. See 3d Cir. LAR 27.4 & I.O.P. 10.6. Brown’s motion for a
temporary restraining order (TRO) pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 65 is denied.4
3
On October 8, 2014, the BOP determined, pursuant to § 3624(c), that a limited
placement of 241-270 days in an RRC is appropriate for Brown, who is now nearing the
last 12 months of his sentence. The BOP exercises it authority, subject to abuse of
discretion, to determine individual prisoner RRC placements by applying five factors set
forth in § 3621(b) and a sixth factor pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 17541. See Vasquez v.
Strada, 684 F.3d 431, 434 (3d Cir. 2012). The BOP indicated it considered each of these
factors in making this determination.
4
Brown seeks a TRO “against the appellee’s (sic) to transfer [him] under 18 U.S.C. §
3621(b) to either of New York City’s RRC’s or directly to Home Confinement.” As we
noted, such a decision is within the BOP’s discretion. To the extent Brown’s motion
5
raises due process violations which were not before the District Court, we decline to
address them.
6