United States v. Dale Struble

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 12-1613
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
DALE STRUBLE; MARIE STRUBLE; ONEWEST BANK FSB; DEUTSCHE BANK
NATL TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee
MARIE STRUBLE,
Third Party Plaintiff
v.
MADISON SETTLEMENT SERVICES, LLC; DAVID R. BRESCHI; President of
Madison Services LLC; VALERIE BORDERS, Assistant to David Breschi of Madison
Settlement LLC; FIDELITY NATIONAL TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Third Party Defendants
Marie Struble,
Appellant
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.N.J. Civ. No. 3:09-cv-05886)
District Judge: Honorable Joel A. Pisano
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
July 24, 2012
Before: AMBRO, FISHER and GARTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: July 26, 2012)
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OPINION
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PER CURIAM
Marie Struble appeals pro se from the orders of the United States District Court for
the District of New Jersey granting Deutsche Bank‟s motion to enforce a settlement
agreement, and denying her motion to enforce an alternative draft of the settlement
agreement and to remand a cross-claim to state court. Both parties‟ motions stemmed
from a disagreement over the settlement agreement resolving a complaint by the federal
government seeking foreclosure of federal tax liens on Marie Struble‟s property. Because
the hand-written draft of the settlement agreement signed by all parties was binding, we
will affirm.
In 1999 and 2001, the IRS made an assessment of approximately $170,000 against
Dale Struble representing income tax liabilities for tax years 1997 through 2000. Federal
tax liens attached to the Strubles‟ family residence. When Dale and Marie Struble
divorced in 2002, Marie Struble received title to the property. The property settlement
acknowledged the federal tax liens against Dale Struble.1
The United States, in its complaint, sought to foreclose on the federal tax liens on
Marie Struble‟s house. The complaint asked the court to declare that Dale Struble owed
1
In February 2003, Marie Struble filed an action to quiet title in the Superior Court of
New Jersey. That case eventually found its way into this Court, and was addressed in
Struble v. Struble, C.A. No. 03-3932. In that case this Court concluded that a valid tax
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$225,277 and foreclose on the property, the proceeds of which would go first to the
United States for payment of the tax liens. Marie Struble filed a cross-claim against her
ex-husband, asserting that he had not complied with prior orders to satisfy the tax
liability. Shortly thereafter, an order for default judgment was entered against Dale
Struble.
The United States filed an amended complaint in December 2010, naming
Deutsche Bank National Trust Company (Deutsche Bank) as a defendant, as Deutsche
Bank had a beneficial interest in the property. Deutsche Bank purchased the beneficial
interests of the mortgage from IndyMac Bank, pursuant to a pooling and servicing
agreement (PSA). This particular method of purchase would become a major point of
Marie Struble‟s later claims. In its answer, Deutsche Bank included a cross-claim,
seeking judgment against Dale and Marie Struble for any amount Deutsche Bank would
have to pay to satisfy the lien and retain its first lien position on the property. Marie
Struble, in her answer to Deutsche Bank, filed her own cross-claims. The crux of her
cross-claims was a challenge to the validity of the PSA through which Deutsche Bank
purchased her mortgage from IndyMac, and thus of Deutsche Bank‟s claim of interest in
her property. On December 6, 2010, the District Court issued an order referring this
action to mediation. The order encouraged the mediator to include all third parties
necessary to “achieve a complete resolution.” The court also entered an order extending
lien existed on her property.
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Deutsche Bank‟s deadline to respond to Marie Struble‟s claims until after mediation, in
the hope that the mediation would resolve all issues.
The mediation seemed to be successful. On April 26, 2011, all parties in mediation
agreed to a global settlement. The terms, hand-written on a sheet of paper, stated that
Marie Struble would pay $15,000 to the IRS, Fidelity Bank would pay $77,500 on behalf
of Deutsche Bank, and third party Madison Settlements would pay $97,500, in exchange
for the United States‟ releasing the property from the lien. Further, the terms stated
clearly that “the parties shall execute mutual releases.” According to the United States,
this was understood to resolve the cross claims between Marie Struble and Deutsche
Bank, but not necessarily to resolve either of their claims against Dale Struble, who was
not present at mediation. The handwritten agreement was signed by representatives of
Deutsche Bank, Madison Settlements, the United States, and by Marie Struble. On May
2, 2011 the District Court entered an order dismissing the action without prejudice to
reopen if the settlement was not consummated.
Unfortunately, the settlement was not consummated. The parties circulated a
settlement agreement, drafted by the United States, resolving all claims, but
acknowledging that Marie Struble and Deutsche Bank reserved their rights to pursue
claims against Dale Struble. The draft agreement referred to a stipulation of dismissal that
would be filed with the court, dismissing the United States‟ complaint but preserving
Marie Struble‟s and Deutsche Bank‟s rights to pursue their cross claims against Dale
Struble. The draft stipulation stated:
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There appearing no independent basis for this Court to exercise subject
matter jurisdiction over the cross-claims brought by Defendant Marie
Struble and Defendant Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, Trustee,
those cross-claims are dismissed without prejudice to those parties‟ rights
to file an action(s) in state court to pursue their claims.
(D.CT. dkt #66-3 at 42-43.) Marie Struble signed this draft stipulation.
However, on June 26, 2011, Marie Struble informed all parties that she would not
release her claims against Deutsche Bank. She circulated a copy of the draft settlement,
in which she crossed out all mention of Deutsche Bank, but for the stipulation that
Deutsche Bank pay $77,500 to cover Dale Struble‟s taxes. Marie Struble based her
objections to releasing her cross-claims on a newspaper article detailing possible
improprieties in Deutsche Bank‟s actions as a trustee administering mortgage-backed
securities. She also stated that, as Deutsche Bank‟s attorney at mediation was not
authorized to respond directly to the cross-claim, any agreement regarding the cross-
claim was void. Not surprisingly, the other parties all found this new draft unacceptable
In response, the United States sent a revised proposed stipulation of dismissal,
clarifying that all claims would be dismissed with prejudice except for Marie Struble and
Deutsche Bank‟s cross-claims against Dale Struble.
There appearing no independent basis for this Court to exercise subject
matter jurisdiction over the cross-claims brought against Dale W. Struble
by Defendant Marie Struble and Defendant Deutsche Bank National Trust
Company, Trustee, those cross-claims against Dale W. Struble are
dismissed without prejudice to those parties‟ rights to file an action(s) in
state court to pursue their claims against him. The cross-claims between
Defendant Marie Struble and Defendant Deutsche Bank National Trust
Company, Trustee, however, are dismissed with prejudice.
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( D.CT. dkt #69-2 at 3-4.) Marie Struble did not agree to this new draft. The District
Court entered a motion reopening the case, and permitted Deutsche Bank to file a motion
to enforce the settlement. Marie Struble opposed the motion and cross-moved to enforce
her interpretation of the settlement agreement. She also moved to remand her claim to
quiet title against Deutsche Bank to state court.2
The District Court granted Deutsche Bank‟s motion and denied Marie Struble‟s
motion. This appeal followed.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1291. We review a district court‟s
factual conclusions related to a settlement agreement, such as whether an agreement
exists or whether a party assented to an agreement, under the clearly erroneous standard
of review. Omega Eng‟g Inc., v. Omega S.A., 432 F.3d 437, 443 (2d Cir. 2005).
Basic contract principles apply to settlement agreements. New York State Electric
& Gas Corp. v. F.E.R.C., 875 F.2d 43, 45 (3d Cir. 1989). Federal courts apply state law
in determining whether a settlement agreement was formed. See T Street Development,
LLC v. Dereje and Dereje, 586 F.3d 6, 11 (D.C. Cir. 2009). Here, New Jersey law
applies. “An agreement to settle a lawsuit is a contract which, like all other contracts,
may be entered freely into, and which a court, absent a demonstration of „fraud or other
compelling circumstances‟ shall honor and enforce as it does other contracts.” Pascarella
2
Struble also asserted that her loan modification issue and an issue regarding cloud on
her title were “not yet ripe” and requested that the issues be preserved for potential future
litigation and remanded to state court.
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v. Bruck, 462 A.2d 186, 190 (N.J. Super. 1983) (quoting Honeywell v. Bubb, 325 A.2d
832, 835 (N.J. Super. 1974)).
In the present case, all parties at mediation clearly signed the April 26, 2011 hand-
written agreement. All material terms were agreed upon – the United States agreed to
accept reduced payments from all parties, and in return to remove the tax lien from Marie
Struble‟s property. The parties also agreed to drop all cross-claims against each other, but
not against Dale Struble. The affidavit of the representative of Madison Settlement
Services, along with the United States‟s response to Marie Struble‟s motion, demonstrate
that this agreement was understood to be binding by all parties. It is thus clear that that
April 26 agreement was binding, and a settlement agreement was formed. Marie Struble
now claims that “there is no mention of a settlement of the cross-claim” in the settlement
agreement. 3 (D.CT. dkt #66-2 at 9.) This claim is belied by the mediation agreement,
which was signed by all parties. The District Court did not err in granting the motion to
enforce the settlement agreement. Regardless, Marie Struble‟s motion to enforce her
version of the settlement agreement is without any merit. Marie Struble is the only person
who signed this version. It is hard to discern any reason to enforce a copy of a contract
modified and signed by one person several months after all parties had signed a binding
version of the same. Cf. U.S. v. Lightman, 988 F.Supp. 448 (D.N.J. 1997) (“Where a
3
Marie Struble also claims that the mediation was barred from addressing her cross-
claim, as Deutsche Bank‟s attorney did not represent Deutsche Bank with regard to the
cross-claim. Marie Struble does not provide any legal support for this claim.
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party to an agreement-in-principle suddenly changes its mind and refuses to execute the
written contract without explanation, the court must enforce the agreement.”).
Marie Struble also asserts that the District Court‟s order is in conflict with the
“Order issued as the Settlement and Release approved by the Court.” It seems she is
referring to the original draft of the stipulation written by the United States. This was not
a binding version of the draft, nor was it approved by the Court. Rather, as soon as it was
understood that Marie Struble construed this draft stipulation to allow her to continue her
claims against Deutsche Bank, the United States drafted a revised version of that
stipulation, making it more explicit that only cross-claims against Dale Struble could
continue. There was no basis for the District Court to remand, as there were no remaining
cross-claims against Deutsche Bank.
Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court
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