Perry v. Vaughn

Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
3-2-2006
Perry v. Vaughn
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 04-3981
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 04-3981
CURTIS PERRY,
Appellant
v.
*DAVID DIGUGLIELMO; THE DISTRICT
ATTORNEY OF THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA-
LYNNE ABRAHAM; THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF
THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA-*GERALD PAPPERT
*(Amended in accordance with Clerk's Order dated 12/01/04)
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
D.C. Civil 02-cv-00839
District Judge: The Honorable John P. Fullam
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
January 10, 2006
Before: BARRY and AMBRO, Circuit Judges, and DEBEVOISE,* District Judge
(Opinion Filed: March 2, 2006)
*
The Honorable Dickinson R. Debevoise, Senior District Judge, United States District
Court for the District of New Jersey, sitting by designation.
OPINION
BARRY, Circuit Judge
Curtis Perry appeals the District Court’s dismissal of his petition for a writ of
habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2244. For the reasons set forth below, we will dismiss
the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
I.
Because we write primarily for the parties, we mention only those facts pertinent
to our decision. On December 13, 1991, Perry was convicted in the Court of Common
Pleas, Philadelphia County, of first-degree murder, criminal conspiracy, possession of an
instrument of crime, and two counts of aggravated assault.1 The court imposed a sentence
of life imprisonment on the murder conviction.2 Perry appealed to the Superior Court of
Pennsylvania. The Superior Court affirmed in May 1994, and the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court denied Perry’s allocatur petition on December 2, 1994. Perry did not file a petition
for certiorari; therefore, his conviction became final ninety days later, when the time
1
The prosecution arose out of the shooting death of an innocent bystander during an
alleged drug turf war that erupted in Philadelphia in the late 1980s.
2
The court also imposed the following sentences to run concurrently with the life
sentence: ten to twenty years on both counts of aggravated assault, five to ten years for
criminal conspiracy, and two and a half to five years for possession of an instrument of a
crime.
2
allowed for certiorari review expired. See Caspari v. Bohlen, 510 U.S. 383, 390 (1994);
Karpal v. United States, 166 F.3d 565, 572 (3d Cir. 1999).
Sometime on or before May 9, 1997, Perry filed a petition for collateral review
under the Pennsylvania Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9541 et
seq.3 On October 20, 1997, the PCRA court dismissed the petition as untimely. The
court, however, failed to give Perry ten days’ notice of intent to dismiss his PCRA
petition, as required by former Rule 1507 (now Rule 907) of the Pennsylvania Rules of
Criminal Procedure. Therefore, on July 20, 1999, the Superior Court reversed and
remanded the case to the PCRA court. After providing Perry with the required notice, in
January 2001 the PCRA court once again dismissed his petition as untimely. The
Superior Court affirmed on December 31, 2001.
A month and a half later, on February 12, 2002, Perry filed a petition for a writ of
habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
As amended in December 2002, his petition alleged a violation of compulsory process,
Brady violations, prosecutorial misconduct in closing argument, Batson violations,
3
The District Court stated that Perry did not file his PCRA petition until May 9, 1997.
Perry contends, however, that it was filed earlier. The cover letter attached to his petition
was stamped as received by the PCRA unit on May 1, 1997. Because Pennsylvania state
courts apply a “prisoners’ mailbox rule,” under which a prisoner’s PCRA petition is
deemed filed on the date that the prisoner delivers it to the proper prison authority or to a
prison mailbox, it is clear that the correct filing date must be prior to May 1. See
Pennsylvania v. Little, 716 A.2d 1287 (1998). Perry argues that the actual filing date may
be as early as April 23, 1997, “[g]iven the notoriously poor mail service in and out of
state prisons.” Appellant’s Br. at 23.
3
improper admission of prior bad act evidence, and ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
The District Court dismissed the petition as untimely, and denied Perry’s request for a
certificate of appealability (“COA”). Upon reconsideration, however, the District Court
issued a COA “on the constitutional issues raised by the petitioner[].” This appeal
followed.
II.
We lack jurisdiction over a COA that was improperly issued by a district court.
United States v. Cepero, 224 F.3d 256 (3d Cir. 2000) (en banc). Under 28 U.S.C. §
2253(c)(2), a COA is properly issued “only if the applicant has made a substantial
showing of the denial of a constitutional right.”4
Where a district court has rejected the constitutional claims on the merits,
the showing required to satisfy § 2253(c)[(2)] is straightforward: The
petitioner must demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the district
court’s assessment of the constitutional claims debatable or wrong. The
issue becomes somewhat more complicated where, as here, the district court
dismisses the petition based on procedural grounds.
Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). When a district court denies a habeas
4
28 U.S.C. § 2253(c) provides:
(1) Unless a circuit justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability, an
appeal may not be taken to the court of appeals from--
(A) the final order in a habeas corpus proceeding in which the detention
complained of arises out of process issued by a State court; or
(B) the final order in a proceeding under section 2255 [28 USCS § 2255].
(2) A certificate of appealability may issue under paragraph (1) only if the
applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right.
(3) The certificate of appealability under paragraph (1) shall indicate which
specific issue or issues satisfy the showing required by paragraph (2).
4
petition on procedural grounds, a COA is only appropriate if (1) “jurists of reason . . .
could conclude the [constitutional] issues presented are adequate to deserve
encouragement to proceed further,” Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 327 (2003), and
(2) “jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its
procedural ruling,” Slack, 529 U.S. at 478. Here, the District Court denied Perry’s habeas
petition on the procedural ground that it was untimely.
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”) establishes a one-
year statute of limitations within which to apply for a writ of habeas corpus challenging a
state court conviction. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). The limitations period generally
begins to run on the date on which the judgment becomes final by the conclusion of direct
review or the expiration of time for seeking such review. Id. Prisoners like Perry,
however, whose convictions became final prior to the effective date of AEDPA – April
24, 1996 – had a one-year “grace period” (plus any time during which the limitations
period is statutorily or equitably tolled) to file a request for habeas relief. See Burns v.
Morton, 134 F.3d 109, 111-12 (3d Cir. 1998). Perry did not file his habeas petition until
February 12, 2002, well after AEDPA’s one-year grace period ended. Therefore, his
petition can only be deemed timely if he was entitled to statutory or equitable tolling of
the limitations period.
Perry sets forth a complicated, interlocking statutory and equitable tolling
argument to support his contention that the limitations period was tolled until December
5
31, 2001, thus rendering his filing on February 12, 2002 timely.5 Initially he argues that
being deprived of his legal materials following a prison lock-down in August 1995
(which also briefly restricted his access to the prison law library) was a state-created
impediment to filing that delayed the accrual of the limitations period until April 2000,
when he was finally able to obtain new copies of his court transcripts and other records.
Alternatively, he contends that being deprived of his legal materials constituted
“extraordinary circumstances” that warrant equitable tolling of the limitations period.
Because his deprivation theory would only account for three of the five years by which he
exceeded the limitations period, he argues that he is entitled to tolling under § 2244(d)(2)
for the entire time that his state PCRA petition was pending, ending on December 31,
2001, when the Superior Court affirmed the denial of his petition.
The proposed tolling under § 2244(d)(2), which is a sine qua non of Perry’s
argument, is foreclosed by federal law. Only a “properly filed” application for state post-
conviction relief tolls the limitations period under § 2244(d)(2). As the Supreme Court
5
Section 2244(d)(1)(B) provides that the limitations period is tolled during the
pendency of an “impediment to filing an application created by State action in violation
of the Constitution or laws of the United States . . . , if the applicant was prevented from
filing by such State action.” Under § 2244(d)(2), the limitations period is tolled for “[t]he
time during which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral
review . . . is pending.” Furthermore, equitable tolling of AEDPA’s limitations period is
available, but “only when the principle of equity would make the rigid application of a
limitation period unfair.” Fahy v. Horn, 240 F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2001) (citation and
quotation omitted). “A petitioner seeking equitable tolling bears the burden to show that
he diligently pursued his rights and that some ‘extraordinary circumstance stood in his
way.’” Satterfield v. Johnson, No. 04-3108, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 1033, at *26 (3d Cir.
2006) (quoting Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 125 S. Ct. 1807, 1814 (2005).
6
recently confirmed, a petition that is rejected by a state court as untimely is not “properly
filed” within the meaning of the section, and accordingly does not toll the one-year statute
of limitations. Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 125 S. Ct. 1807, 1812 (2005) (“When a
postconviction petition is untimely under state law, ‘that [is] the end of the matter’ for
purposes of § 2244(d)(2).”) (alteration in original). Furthermore, it is well established
that we must “give deference to the state court’s determination of the timeliness of the
state PCRA petition.” Merritt v. Blaine, 326 F.3d 157, 168 (3d Cir. 2003). Because the
Pennsylvania courts have already determined that Perry’s PCRA petition was untimely,
“it would be an undue interference for [us] to decide otherwise.” Id.; see also Fahy v.
Horn, 240 F.3d 239, 233-34 (3d Cir. 2001).
Perry concedes that we must accept a state court’s application of its own PCRA
statute, but argues that we need not defer to the finding of untimeliness in this case
because it was based on a clearly erroneous finding of fact, which he should have the
opportunity to rebut with clear and convincing evidence in an evidentiary hearing before
the District Court. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e). We reject this argument. Under
Pennsylvania law, Perry had to file his PCRA petition by January 16, 1997.6 He did not
6
Although § 9541(b) requires PCRA petitions to be filed within one year of the date
the judgment becomes final, “an appellant whose judgment has become final on or before
January 16, 1996 [PCRA’s effective date], shall be deemed to have filed a timely petition
if the appellant’s first petition is filed within one year of the effective date of the
amendments.” Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Crider, 735 A.2d 730, 732 (1998).
7
file his petition until May 1997.7 Therefore, Perry’s petition would not be considered
timely under Pennsylvania law unless he could prove that one of the enumerated
exceptions to the time limitation, set forth in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b), applied.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9541(b) provides in pertinent part:
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or
subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment
becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in
violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the
petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by
the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been
held by that court to apply retroactively.
Perry argued to the PCRA court that the fact that he was deprived of his legal materials,
his inability to acquire new copies, and his lack of access to the prison law library
constituted “interference by government officials,” rendering his filing timely. The
PCRA court rejected this contention, and deemed the petition untimely. It held that even
if Perry had been subjected to governmental interference, the interference “occurred in
1995 and concluded in 1995.” Accordingly, Perry should have filed his petition within 60
7
Perry argues that the petition was actually filed earlier, see supra note 3. It was
certainly not filed before late-April 1997, however, which was still well past the January
16 deadline.
8
days of the end of the interference, as required by § 9545(b)(2).8
Contrary to Perry’s assertion, the state court’s dismissal of his petition was not
based on an erroneous finding of fact but, rather, was based on a legal determination that
any governmental interference, as defined by Pennsylvania law, that may have existed
ended in 1995. This conclusion is reasonable and well established by Pennsylvania case
law, which holds that possession of transcripts and other court documents is not necessary
in order for a defendant to pursue relief in a post-conviction proceeding. See, e.g.,
Pennsylvania v. Crider, 735 A.2d 730 (1998); Pennsylvania v. Martin, 705 A.2d 1337
(1999).
Because there is no room for debate on the propriety of the District Court’s
dismissal of Perry’s petition as untimely, the COA was not properly issued. We,
therefore, will dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
8
§ 9545(b)(2) provides that “[a]ny petition invoking an exception provided in
paragraph (1) shall be filed within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.”
9