Raymond Clark v. H. Hufford

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 12-2993
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RAYMOND CLARK,
Appellant,
v.
H. L. HUFFORD, WARDEN
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civ. No. 11-cv-01942)
District Judge: Honorable Sylvia H. Rambo
__________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
November 1, 2012
Before: SLOVITER, GREENAWAY, JR. and BARRY, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: November 13, 2012)
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OPINION
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PER CURIAM
Appellant Raymond Clark appeals orders of the District Court denying his petition
for writ of habeas corpus and motion for reconsideration. For the following reasons, we
will affirm.
Clark, following his conviction for racketeering and conspiracy to distribute
heroin, was sentenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York to a term of imprisonment of 50 years. He began serving his federal sentence on
February 22, 1991, when the Bureau of Prisons took him into custody pursuant to a
detainer. Applying former 18 U.S.C. § 4205(a), which provides that an inmate serving a
sentence in excess of 30 years be eligible for parole after serving 10 years, the BOP
calculated a parole eligibility date for Clark of February 21, 2001.
Clark applied for parole in March, 2001, and an initial parole hearing was held in
May, 2001. After reviewing Clark’s role in the offenses, the United States Parole
Commission denied parole and ordered that Clark be continued to a 15-year
reconsideration hearing in May, 2016. The Parole Commission noted the following
pertinent aggravating factors in Clark’s case: that he was part of a large scale heroin
distribution organization that operated over a period of time and engaged in multiple
murders in order to protect and further its illegal activity, and that Clark was personally
involved in multiple murders and thus represented an extreme parole risk. Clark
appealed, but the National Appeals Board affirmed the Parole Commission’s decision.
Clark received statutory interim hearings in 2003, 2007, and 2009. After each of those
hearings, the Parole Commission refused to change the 15-year parole reconsideration
date of May, 2016.
In 2011, the BOP retroactively designated the state institution where Clark had
been incarcerated prior to his arrival at his federal facility as the place of confinement for
purposes of calculating his federal sentence, see Barden v. Keohane, 921 F.2d 476 (3d
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Cir. 1990). Clark was given credit toward his federal sentence for the time he served in a
state institution, and his federal sentence was recalculated to have commenced on July 6,
1987, instead of February 22, 1991. The BOP accordingly recalculated Clark’s parole
eligibility date under section 4205(a), and changed its records to indicate that Clark had
first become eligible for parole on July 4, 1997, instead of February 21, 2001. Of course,
both those dates had long since passed.
On July 27, 2011, the Parole Commission conducted another statutory interim
hearing, but it adhered to its original view concerning Clark’s suitability for parole and
would not agree to a change in the 15-year parole reconsideration date of May, 2016.
Clark appealed, contending that, because his parole eligibility date had been moved up by
several years, his May, 2016 parole reconsideration date should also be moved up by
several years. The National Appeals Board denied the appeal, explaining that, when the
Parole Commission ordered the 15-year reconsideration date, it was finding that Clark
was not suitable for parole release until May, 2016, and the Parole Commission’s
suitability judgment had not been affected by the subsequent advancement of Clark’s
parole eligibility date.
Clark then filed the instant petition for writ of habeas corpus, 28 U.S.C. § 2241, in
the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. Clark argued in
his petition that the Parole Commission abused its discretion and violated due process by
ignoring the mandatory language of section 4205(a) in refusing to modify his parole
reconsideration hearing date. Following the submission of an answer by the BOP, along
with the administrative record, the Magistrate Judge filed a Report and Recommendation,
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in which he recommended that the habeas corpus petition be denied. In an order entered
on April 19, 2012, the District Court adopted the Report and Recommendation and
denied Clark’s petition for writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Parole Commission
has the discretion to determine that Clark is not suitable for release on parole until May,
2016, even though his parole eligibility date was moved up by a subsequent
recomputation of his sentence. The District Court denied Clark’s motion for
reconsideration, which raised no new arguments, in an order entered on May 4, 2012.
Clark appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. A court’s role in
reviewing decisions by the United States Parole Commission on an application for a writ
of habeas corpus is limited. See Gambino v. Morris, 134 F.3d 156, 160 (3d Cir. 1998).
We decide only whether there is a rational basis in the record for the Parole
Commission’s conclusions, id. (citing Zannino v. Arnold, 531 F.2d 687, 691 (3d Cir.
1976)), and will uphold the decision as long as it is not arbitrary and capricious, or based
on impermissible considerations, id.
We will affirm. Section 4205(a) of title 18 provides: “Whenever confined and
serving a definite term or terms of more than one year, a prisoner shall be eligible for
release on parole after serving one-third of such term or terms or after serving ten years
of a life sentence or of a sentence of over thirty years, except to the extent otherwise
provided by law.” 18 U.S.C. § 4205(a). The recalculation of Clark’s federal sentence
had the effect of moving up the date that he became eligible for parole, but it had no
effect on the Parole Commission’s decision that he was not suitable for parole until May,
2016. The Parole Commission’s decisions setting and reaffirming a May, 2016 parole
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reconsideration date do not violate 18 U.S.C. § 4205(a), because the statute does not
establish deadlines for parole suitability reconsideration hearings.
Thus, the District Court properly denied Clark’s habeas corpus petition and
reconsideration motion. We agree with the District Court that the Parole Commission has
the discretion to determine that Clark is not suitable for release on parole until May,
2016, even though his parole eligibility date was moved up by a subsequent
recomputation of his sentence. Clark has argued in his Informal Brief that our decision in
United States v. DiPasquale, 859 F.2d 9 (3d Cir. 1988), is to the contrary, see Informal
Brief, at 5-7, but in DiPasquale we held only that a court could not extend a prisoner’s
eligibility for parole beyond the deadlines established by section 4205(a). See id. at 13
(district court erred in fixing period of eligibility for parole at more than 10 years, the
maximum fixed by 18 U.S.C. § 4205(a)). Here, the BOP did not extend Clark’s
eligibility for parole beyond the deadlines established by section 4205(a). Moreover,
Clark has neither argued nor has he shown that the Parole Commission’s May, 2001
decision finding that he was not suitable for parole until May, 2016 -- because of the
presence of numerous aggravating factors in his case -- was arbitrary and capricious or
based on impermissible considerations.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the orders of the District Court denying
Clark’s habeas corpus petition and motion for reconsideration.
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