United States v. Jones

Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
4-11-2005
USA v. Jones
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 04-2301
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"USA v. Jones" (2005). 2005 Decisions. Paper 1380.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 04-2301
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
CLARENCE B. JONES,
a/k/a FRANKLIN D.R. JONES,
Clarence B. Jones,
Appellant
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Criminal No. 02-cr-00075)
District Judge: Honorable Gustave Diamond
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
March 10, 2005
Before: NYGAARD, McKEE and RENDELL, Circuit Judges.
(Filed April 11, 2005)
OPINION OF THE COURT
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.
Clarence Jones was tried and convicted by a jury of three counts of mail fraud in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, by using the mail to defraud and obtain money and
property from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and two counts of making false,
fictitious and fraudulent claims against the Social Security Administration, in violation of
18 U.S.C. § 287. Jones now appeals, contending that the District Court improperly
denied evidence of his past mental illness, bearing on whether he had the requisite intent
necessary for conviction of the offenses charged, thus violating his constitutional right to
mount a defense. He also challenges the sentence imposed upon him.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
As we write only for the parties, we include only such factual and procedural
events as are necessary to our decision.
A. Mail Fraud Involving the Department of Veterans Affairs
Jones is a Veteran of the United States military. In 1990, Jones sent an application
for compensation to the Department of Veteran Affairs. This request was denied. He
subsequently filed another application with the Department under his name, but with the
service number of Luther Brown, another veteran who had died prior to Jones’s
application. Based on his falsified application, Jones was awarded disability benefits of
$266 per month in 1991. In 1995, Jones sent to the Veterans Administration a declaration
of status of dependents, falsely indicating that Jones was married on February 10, 1995.
He submitted a fraudulent marriage certificate along with the application. In response to
this, the Veterans Administration increased the amount of Jones’s monthly award to $500.
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In September 1995, the Veterans Administration received a second declaration of
status of dependants along with two falsified baptismal certificates from Jones. Jones
claimed to have fathered twins. In response, the Veterans Administration increased
Jones’s benefits to $698 per month. In April 1996, Jones again reported to the office that
he had fathered more children – this time, quadruplets. His benefits were again increased.
In March 1997, Jones filed yet a third declaration of status of dependants with the
Veterans Administration, claiming the birth of another set of quadruplets. At this point,
the Veterans Association launched an investigation into Jones’s claims and found
evidence that they were false.
B. Mail Fraud Involving the Social Security Administration
Jones was also convicted of making false claims under the supplemental security
income program. Clarence Jones applied for and received benefits under the name and
social security number of his brother, Franklin Jones, who was at the time incarcerated.
Franklin Jones had never given his brother permission to use his Social Security number
or date of birth or birth certificate in order to apply for benefits from any federal program
and he was not aware that his brother was doing so.
Additionally, as a result of Clarences Jones’s false claims regarding his years of
military service, his Social Security payments were higher than they should have been.
He received $5,000 more in Social Security income than he was legally entitled to.
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The indictment against Clarence Jones contained five counts. Count One charged
Jones with committing mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, by using the mail to
defraud and obtain money and property from the Department of Veterans Affairs. Counts
Two and Three charged Jones with mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, by using
the mail to defraud and obtain money from the Social Security Administration. Counts
Four and Five charged Jones with making false, fictitious and fraudulent claims against
the Social Security Administration, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 287.
Before trial, the government filed a Motion in Limine to exclude evidence of the
defendant’s mental health, which the District Court granted. The evidence excluded
consisted of Clarence Jones’s military records from 50 years earlier, which indicated that
he was charged with impersonating an officer, discharged as “an Army-Psycho case” and
described him as “schizophrenic” and insane. The defense argued that this evidence was
relevant to Jones’ claim that he did not possess the necessary mens rea to commit the
charged crimes because he actually believed that he was who he had claimed to be. Jones
now appeals the District Court’s exclusion of this evidence. He further appeals the
District Court’s loss calculation in this case and the use of the federal sentencing
guidelines to enhance his sentence.
II. Jurisdiction
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have
jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 3742.
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II. Discussion
The District Court excluded the evidence of mental illness, ruling that its
prejudicial value outweighed its probative value under Fed. R. Evid. 403, it was not based
on expert opinion, and was irrelevant. We agree. Because the discharge records were
more than 50 years old, there was no relevance to the current situation. Nothing in the
records contained any information about Jones’s mental state when he perpetrated the
crimes with which he was charged. Furthermore, Jones’s discharge records do not
indicate the credentials of those officials who designated him as “schizophrenic” or “an
Army Psycho Case.” “The defendant’s right to present a defense... includes the right to
the admission of competent, reliable, exculpatory evidence...” United States v. Pohlot,
827 F.2d 889, 900-01 (3d Cir. 1987). In this case, the evidence which Jones wished to
introduce to negate the mens rea element of his alleged crimes did not meet this standard.
Therefore, the District Court was correct to exclude the evidence and did not violate
Jones’s constitutional right to mount a defense in doing so.
Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment of conviction.
Appellant, however, challenges his sentence under United States v. Booker, __ U.S. __,
160 L. Ed. 2d 621, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005). Having concluded that the sentencing issues
Appellant raises are best determined by the District Court in the first instance, we will
vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing in accordance with Booker.
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