Lander v. ABF Freight System, Inc.

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
____________
No. 10-2697
_____________
BERT LANDER,
Appellant,
v.
ABF FREIGHT SYSTEM, INC.
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 1-08-cv-01425)
District Judge: Honorable Sylvia H. Rambo
Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on October 27, 2011
Before: FISHER, VANASKIE, and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed January 25, 2012)
OPINION
ROTH, Circuit Judge:
In his suit to enforce his rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA),
Bert Lander appeals the entry of summary judgment in favor of ABF Freight System,
Inc., including the order of the District Court denying his third motion to extend the
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discovery period. For the reasons expressed below, we will affirm the judgment of the
District Court.
I. Background
We write exclusively for the parties, who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we will set forth only those facts necessary to our
analysis.
Lander was employed by ABF and its predecessor for 33 years, from 1973 to
2006. In November 1975, while working for ABF‟s predecessor, Lander suffered an on-
the-job injury and underwent surgery. Since that incident Lander has suffered from
several physical limitations that affect, among other things, his ability to lift. Throughout
his tenure with ABF, Lander provided it with medical documentation of his physical
limitations, which ABF accommodated by assigning him loads or deliveries that were
physically easier to handle.
From 1995 until December 2006, Lander worked as a combination
driver/dockworker. His duties included dock work, jockeying, and local driving and
delivery.1 A combination driver/dockworker must be able to push and pull carts or jacks
with a weight range of 196 to 350 pounds, to pick up and deliver cargo to and from
trailers, and to push or pull the carts or jacks over dock plates into and out of trailers.
Thus, the “essential physical skills” of the position require repetitive lifting and carrying
light, moderate, and heavy objects.
1
“Jockeying” refers to work performed by a “yard jockey,” a driver who moves
loaded and unloaded trailers around ABF‟s premises.
2
On December 7, 2006, Dr. K. Nicholas Pandelidis, M.D., Lander‟s physician,
imposed several work restrictions on him, including (1) no lifting over forty pounds, (2)
no lifting over forty pounds repetitively, (3) occasional bending, twisting, or stopping,
and (4) limited pushing or pulling up to forty pounds. Upon ABF‟s receipt of Dr.
Pandelidis‟s report, Lander was informed that his medical restrictions prevented him
from receiving assignments. On May 25, 2007, Dr. Pandelidis revised Lander‟s medical
restrictions to (1) occasional lifting over 40 pounds and (2) occasional bending, twisting,
or stooping. In August 2007, pursuant to an agreement between ABF and Lander‟s
Union, Dr. Bruce E. Sicilia, M.D., examined Lander and concluded that he required work
limitations and was medically restricted from lifting over fifty pounds. Based on Dr.
Sicilia‟s determinations, a committee comprised equally of Union members and ABF
representatives concluded that Lander could not return to work until he obtained a full
non-restrictive medical release from his doctor. Lander never obtained the release and,
thus, has not returned to work.
On July 30, 2008, Lander initiated the present litigation. In March 2009, the court
entered a Case Management Order setting a discovery deadline of August 3, 2009. On
July 3, Lander filed a motion for an extension of time to complete discovery. The motion
was granted, and a revised discovery deadline was set for October 5. Three days before
discovery was set to close, Lander filed a second motion to extend the discovery period.
The court granted this motion and extended discovery by approximately two months. On
December 2, two days before the close of discovery, Lander filed a third motion to
extend the discovery period. The motion was denied. ABF then moved for summary
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judgment, contending that Lander could not establish that he was disabled under the
ADA. In response, Lander argued that the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA)
was retroactively applicable and that he was disabled under both the ADA and ADAAA.
The District Court disagreed. It concluded that the ADAAA was not retroactive and that
Lander failed to establish that he was disabled under the ADA. Lander appealed.
II. Discussion
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1367. We
have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
We review de novo the District Court‟s grant of summary judgment. Barefoot
Architect, Inc. v. Bunge, 632 F.3d 822, 826 (3d Cir. 2011). Summary judgment is
appropriate “if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any
affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Bouriez v. Carnegie Mellon Univ., 585 F.3d
765, 770 (3d Cir. 2009) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). This determination is made by
viewing the “facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and draw[ing] all
inferences in that party‟s favor.” Farrell v. Planters Lifesavers Co., 206 F.3d 271, 278
(3d Cir. 2000).
A. Summary Judgment
1. Disabled Under the ADA
Lander contends that he is disabled under the ADA because ABF regarded him as
having a physical impairment that substantially limited his major life activity of lifting.
We find this argument without merit. Under the ADA, “an employer is free to decide
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that . . . some limiting, but not substantially limiting, impairments make individuals less
than ideally suited for a job.” Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc., 527 U.S. 471, 490-91
(1999). When viewed in the light most favorable to Lander, the evidence demonstrates
that he failed to establish that ABF believed that his physical impairment substantially
limited his ability to lift. See id. at 489 (stating that for a plaintiff to succeed on a
“regarded as” claim, he must demonstrate that his employer “mistakenly believes that a . .
. nonlimiting impairment substantially limits one or more major life activities”). ABF
believed Lander‟s ability to lift was impaired only to the extent outlined in his medical
records, which contained lifting restrictions that considerably exceeded what constitutes a
substantial limitation on a major life activity. See Marinelli v. City of Erie, Pa., 216 F.3d
354, 364 (3d Cir. 2000) (holding that a lifting restriction of ten pounds did not constitute
a physical impairment that substantially limited a major life activity); see also Rakity v.
Dillon Cos., Inc., 302 F.3d 1152, 1162 (10th Cir. 2002) (finding the evidence insufficient
to demonstrate that the plaintiff was regarded as having an impairment that substantially
limits a major life activity because his employer only regarded him as “impaired in his
ability to lift . . . to the extent indicated in his medical and employment records”).
2. Retroactive Application of ADAAA
Lander claims the District Court erred by not retroactively applying the ADAAA.
This argument is without merit. To ascertain whether a statute is retroactively applicable,
we must first “determine whether Congress has expressly prescribed the statute‟s proper
reach.” Landgraf v. USI Film Prods., 511 U.S. 244, 280 (1994). If we cannot clearly
decipher Congress‟ intent, “the court must determine whether the new statute would have
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retroactive effect, i.e., whether it would impair rights a party possessed when he acted,
increase a party's liability for past conduct, or impose new duties with respect to
transactions already completed.” Id. “If applying the statute would have such a
disfavored effect, then we do not apply it absent clear evidence in the legislative history
that the Congress intended retroactive application.” Lytes v. D.C. Water and Sever Auth.,
572 F.3d 936, 939-40 ( D.C. Cir. 2009) (citing Landgraf, 511 U.S. at 280). Here, the text
of the ADAAA does not expressly prescribe that it is retroactively applicable. If we
applied the statute retroactively, it would have the disfavored effect of expanding ABF‟s
liability for past conduct. Thus, we conclude that the ADAAA is not retroactively
applicable.2
Lander also claims that even if the ADAAA is not retroactively applicable, it
nonetheless informs courts of Congress‟ intent behind the ADA. This argument is
similarly meritless. If Congress desired to reinstate the ADA‟s original interpretation, it
would not have delayed the implementation of the ADAAA by approximately three
months. See Lytes, 572 F.3d at 940 (“If the Congress intended merely to „clarify‟ the
ADA, then its decision to delay the effective date would make no sense; it would
2
All circuits that have considered this issue have uniformly concluded that the
ADAAA does not apply retroactively. See Thornton v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 587
F.3d 27, 34 n. 3 (1st Cir. 2009); Ragusa v. Malverne Union Free Sch. Dist., 381 F. App‟x
85, 87 n. 2 (2d Cir. 2010); EEOC v. Agro Distribution, LLC, 555 F.3d 462, 469 n. 8 (5th
Cir. 2009); Milholland v. Sumner Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 569 F.3d 562, 565–67 (6th Cir.
2009); Fredricksen v. United Parcel Serv. Co., 581 F.3d 516, 521 n. 1 (7th Cir. 2009);
Nyrop v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 11, 616 F.3d 728, 734 n. 4 (8th Cir. 2010); Becerril v.
Pima Cnty. Assessor's Office, 587 F.3d 1162, 1164 (9th Cir. 2009); Lytes, 572 F.3d at940–42.
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needlessly have left the ADA unclear for the more than three months between enactment
of the ADAA[A] on September 25, 2008 and its going into effect on January 1, 2009”).
B. Motion to Extend Time
Lander also asserts that the District Court erred by refusing to grant his request for
a third extension of the discovery deadline. We review the denial of discovery motions
for an abuse of discretion and “will not upset a district court's conduct of discovery
procedures absent a demonstration that the court's action made it impossible to obtain
crucial evidence.” Gallas v. Supreme Court of Pa., 211 F.3d 760, 778 (3d Cir. 2000)
(quoting In re Fine Paper Antitrust Litig., 685 F.2d 810, 818 (3d Cir. 1982)). Based upon
the record, we cannot conclude that the District Court abused its discretion when it
denied Lander‟s third motion for an extension of the discovery period.
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
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