United States v. Ronald Watson

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
____________
No. 11-2218
____________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
RONALD WATSON,
also known as Joseph
Ronald Watson,
Appellant
____________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 3-03-cr-00124-001)
District Judge: Honorable Thomas I. Vanaskie
____________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
May 17, 2012
Before: SMITH and FISHER, Circuit Judges, and STEARNS,* District Judge.
(Filed: May 17, 2012 )
____________
OPINION OF THE COURT
____________
*
The Honorable Richard G. Stearns, District Judge for the United States District
Court for the District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation.
FISHER, Circuit Judge.
Ronald Watson appeals from the judgment of the U.S. District Court for the
Middle District of Pennsylvania, which found that Watson violated the conditions of his
supervised release and sentenced him to three months’ imprisonment and three additional
years of supervised release. His counsel has filed a motion to withdraw pursuant to
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). For the reasons stated below, we will grant
counsel’s motion to withdraw and will affirm.
I.
We write principally for the parties, who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we will set forth only those facts necessary to our
analysis.
In October of 2010, upon completing his term of imprisonment for a 2006
conviction, Ronald Watson commenced a three-year term of supervised release. In
March of 2011, Watson pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct under Pennsylvania law.
His conviction constituted a violation of the terms of his supervised release. Rather than
instituting a revocation hearing, the District Court ordered a modification of Watson’s
conditions of supervised release to include a 60-day placement at the Lackawanna Work
Release Center (“WRC”), pursuant to agreement between Watson and the Probation
Office. As a condition of participating in the WRC program, Watson was instructed that
he would need to adhere to WRC rules, which provided, in relevant part, that a
2
participant is “not permitted to quit or change jobs without receiving approval from the
Director,” “must have permission from the Director to work a second job,” cannot take
time off to look for another job without approval, must report to work on time, and may
be dismissed from the program after an evaluation hearing if fired from a job.
Keith Herne, Watson’s probation officer, directed Watson to report to the WRC on
Monday, March 28, at 11:00 a.m. Watson never reported for work that day, but instead,
without telling Herne or the WRC, went to Career Link, a job placement center. Watson
testified that he had previously told Herne, on March 10, that he would be participating in
the Career Link program for three consecutive Mondays. Herne contacted Watson, who
agreed to report to the WRC the next day, March 29, at 8:00 a.m. Because of travel
difficulties, Watson reported at around 9:30 a.m. Although Rick Horan, the WRC
Director, initially dismissed Watson from the program for his late arrival, Horan later
changed his mind and allowed Watson into the program.
The WRC placed Watson with Amerisource, a temp agency, which assigned
Watson to begin working at Kane Warehouse on March 31. On April 3, Watson spoke
with a WRC employee about changing jobs. He was told that the Director would have to
be notified if he wanted to change jobs, and that he needed to keep the Kane placement
until something else arose. Watson testified that he had a conversation with a WRC staff
member about changing jobs, and that the staff member and Amerisource directed him
not to show up for work on April 4. On April 4, Watson was not on the Amerisource bus
3
to Kane and did not report to work. When WRC staff confronted Watson about missing
work, he told them that he did not like working at Kane and wanted another assignment.
On April 5, Horan dismissed Watson from the WRC program for violating WRC rules.
After a hearing at which Watson, Herne, Horan, and various WRC employees
testified, the District Court determined that Watson had violated the conditions of his
supervised release by breaking WRC rules. Watson was sentenced to three months’
imprisonment and a three-year term of supervised release. Watson filed a timely notice
of appeal, and his counsel subsequently filed a motion to withdraw representation.
Watson declined to file a pro se brief.
II.
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have
jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
Counsel may file a motion to withdraw representation under Anders v. California,
386 U.S. 738 (1967), if, after reviewing the district court’s record, he or she is “persuaded
that the appeal presents no issue of even arguable merit.” 3d Cir. L.A.R. 109.2(a); United
States v. Youla, 241 F.3d 296, 300 (3d Cir. 2001) (quoting 3d Cir. L.A.R. 109.2(a)). In
evaluating counsel’s Anders brief, we must be satisfied that counsel “has thoroughly
scoured the record in search of appealable issues and . . . explain[ed] why the issues are
frivolous.” United States v. Coleman, 575 F.3d 316, 319 (3d Cir. 2009) (internal
quotations marks and citation omitted). Our Anders inquiry is thus twofold:
4
(1) “whether counsel adequately fulfilled the . . . requirements [of 3d Cir. L.A.R.
109.2(a)]; and (2) whether an independent review of the record presents any non-
frivolous issues.” Youla, 241 F.3d at 300 (citation omitted). If we determine that “the
Anders brief initially appears adequate on its face,” the second step of our inquiry is
“guided . . . by the Anders brief itself.” Id. at 301 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
We review the District Court’s decision to revoke supervised release for abuse of
discretion. United States v. Maloney, 513 F.3d 350, 354 (3d Cir. 2008). “[F]actual
findings supporting that decision are reviewed for clear error; legal issues are subject to
de novo review.” Id. We review sentences for both procedural and substantive
reasonableness, applying an abuse of discretion standard. United States v. Tomko, 562
F.3d 558, 567 (3d Cir. 2009) (en banc).
III.
Counsel’s Anders brief satisfies us that he has “scoured” the record for appealable
issues, and we agree that there are no non-frivolous issues presented.
First, we agree with counsel that there are no non-frivolous jurisdictional or due
process issues on which Watson could appeal. The District Court had subject matter
jurisdiction over Watson’s underlying substantive offense under 18 U.S.C. § 3231, and
was authorized to revoke his supervised release under 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e). Moreover,
the District Court complied with the requirements of due process in revoking Watson’s
supervised release. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 32.1(b)(2); United States v. Barnhart, 980 F.2d
5
219, 222 (3d Cir. 1992) (listing due process requirements for revocation of supervised
release). Watson had notice of the alleged violation, the evidence against him was
disclosed, he had the opportunity to be heard in person and present witnesses and
evidence, he was given (and took) the opportunity to cross examine witnesses, and he
received a written judgment specifying the violation for which his release was revoked.
See Barnhart, 980 F.2d at 222 (quoting Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 786 (1973)).
Second, we agree that there are no non-frivolous issues relating to the District
Court’s finding of a violation of Watson’s supervised release. A preponderance of the
evidence clearly supports the District Court’s finding that Watson violated his obligation
to observe WRC rules. See 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3); Maloney, 513 F.3d at 354 (3d Cir.
2008). The Government established that Watson was placed in the WRC program, as a
condition of which he was subject to WRC rules. The rules required Watson to report to
work on time and to obtain the Director’s approval before changing jobs, quitting jobs, or
taking time off to look for another job. The Government also established that Watson
broke these rules because, absent approval, he did not report for work at the WRC on
Monday, March 28, 2011, or at the Kane Warehouse on April 4, 2011. The District
Court’s determination that Watson’s testimony that an Amerisource employee told him
not to report to work on April 4 was not credible is equally unassailable, because it finds
adequate support in the record. See United States v. Kole, 164 F.3d 164, 177 (3d Cir.
1998). Furthermore, although Watson argued at the hearing that he never quit his “job”
6
with Amerisource, just his temporary assignment at Kane, the two are functionally
equivalent: Watson stopped working at the position he had been assigned under the
WRC program without permission.
Third, we agree with counsel that there are no non-frivolous issues relating to
Watson’s sentence for violating supervised release. Watson’s technical violation of his
conditions of supervised release qualified as a Grade C violation under U.S.S.G.
§ 7B1.1(a)(3)(B), which, along with his criminal history category of III, subjected him to
a Guidelines range of five to eleventh months’ imprisonment. U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4(a). The
District Court nevertheless sentenced Watson to a below-Guidelines term of
imprisonment of three months, to be followed by a three-year term of supervised release,
after consideration of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) sentencing factors. We detect no
procedural errors in these calculations. See Tomko, 562 F.3d at 567-68. Nor is Watson’s
below-Guidelines sentence substantively unreasonable, because we cannot say that “no
reasonable sentencing court would have imposed the same sentence . . . for the reasons
the district court provided.” Id. at 568.
Watsons’s appeal lacks any basis in law or fact. Accordingly, we agree with
counsel that the record presents no issues of even arguable merit.
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, we will grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and affirm
the District Court’s judgment.
7