Mohamed v. Atty Gen USA

Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
4-6-2004
Mohamed v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 03-1539
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
Case No: 03-1539
ASHRAF ALI MOHAMED,
Petitioner
v.
JOHN ASHCROFT,
Attorney General of the United States,
Respondent
_________________________________
On petition for review of a final order
of the Board of Immigration Appeals
File No: A72-001-538
__________________________________
Submitted pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on March 23, 2004
Before: FUENTES, SMITH, and GIBSON, Circuit Judges,*
(Filed: April 6, 2004)
____________________
OPINION OF THE COURT
_____________________
*
The Honorable John R. Gibson, Senior Circuit Judge for the United States Court of
Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.
SMITH, Circuit Judge.
Petitioner Ashraf Ali Mohamed appeals the order of the Board of Immigration
Appeals denying his petition for relief from removal. Mohamed claims that the
Immigration Judge (“IJ”) deprived him of his right to due process of law by pre-judging
his testimony to be false. We find no merit to this claim and therefore affirm the decision
of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”).
I.
Mohamed is an Egyptian national who entered this country as a visitor for pleasure
on June 14, 1991, with authorization to stay until December 14, 1991. After arriving in
the United States, Mohamed was informed by a man named Mohamed Al Said that he
could apply for a green card prior to his visa expiring. To that end, Mohamed
accompanied Al Said and five other individuals on a trip from Jersey City, New Jersey to
Miami, Florida after paying Al Said $3,500. Once in Miami, Mohamed went to a hotel
and met an individual named Ali. Ali took Mohamed and the other men to another
location to obtain photographs. The next day, the men went to the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (“INS”) Office in Miami where Ali was present. Ali gave
Mohamed a completed application for a work authorization permit and had his
fingerprints taken. Mohamed returned to his hotel, where Ali arrived shortly thereafter
with a work authorization card. Mohamed then returned to Jersey City. On December 2,
1991, Mohamed applied for a renewal of his work authorization card. During the
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processing of this renewal application, the INS determined that the work authorization
card was fraudulent.
In September of 1997, Mohamed married a United States citizen, Denise L.
Harrazari. On February 8, 1999, the INS issued a Notice to Appear, charging Mohamed
with being removable, for overstaying his non-immigrant visa. Mohamed conceded
removability before the IJ, but requested relief from removal on two grounds: (1) a waiver
of document fraud pursuant to Section 212(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and
(2) adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident status.
In the removal proceedings, Mohamed asserted that he did not know that his initial
work authorization was fraudulent. As the IJ was reviewing Mohamed’s affidavit during
the removal proceedings, the IJ stated:
I think if I were a stranger in the United States and didn’t know the laws, if I lived
in Jersey City and I had to fly to Miami to get a work authorization card and a
passport and then was flown back to Jersey City and had to pay $3,500 for it, I
think I would believe that something was amiss and this was not [a] particularly
legal endeavor that I was engaging in.
The IJ explained to Mohamed’s counsel
Now, based on what I have read in his affidavit . . . it is not plausible to the court
that an individual in order to obtain work authorization would pay $3,500, would
get together with unknown people, fly from, travel from Jersey City to [LaGuardia]
Airport, fly from [LaGuardia] Airport to Miami, be put in a motel, have the
application for the work authorization completed by another individual, never see
that application, apparently, stay at Immigration while this individual disappeared
and shows up a couple [of] hours later with all the documentation. I think a
reasonable man or woman would be suspicious of that activity would have a
reasonable doubt that what you had done was illegal.
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However, the IJ explained that he was inclined to waive the fraud involved in
obtaining the work authorization. When Mohamed expressed his desire to testify about
the work authorization, the IJ issued this warning to Mohamed’s counsel: “what you don’t
want to do is have [Mohamed] falsely testify today because while I would waive the fraud
that was involved in obtaining the work authorization, if I determine that the respondent
is lying to me today under oath, I will send him back very quickly.”
Mohamed’s testimony before the IJ was virtually identical to the affidavit which
was already before the IJ, including his repeated assertions that he was unaware at the
time that his manner of obtaining a work authorization card was fraudulent. He also
explained that, subsequent to gaining what he believed to be a permanent resident visa, he
lost that card. After contacting his father-in-law, who was employed by the United
Nations, Mohamed’s father-in-law explained that the document had not been a permanent
resident visa, but a work authorization card. Mohamed testified that his father-in-law
then checked with the INS based on Mohamed’s alien number, determined that Mohamed
had never been issued a work authorization card, and informed Mohamed of this fact. In
January, 1992, however, Mohamed was arrested at the INS office in Philadelphia when he
tried to gain a replacement work authorization card.
The IJ concluded that Mohamed lied under oath, explaining that “[r]espondent’s
explanation is preposterous. The entire explanation is preposterous. I warned the
respondent [what] would happen if I find that he is lying to me. The court is severely
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tempted to end this case right here and now and order the respondent deported . . . .” The
IJ instructed Mohamed’s counsel that, although the respondent committed fraud against
the INS and the court, he would consider whether extreme hardship would occur if
Mohamed was deported. After hearing testimony from Mohamed’s wife, the IJ
concluded that no such extreme hardship would occur. He denied Mohamed’s petition
for waiver of fraud and petition for adjustment of status. The BIA affirmed the IJ’s
decision without opinion on January 27, 2003. This timely appeal followed.
II.
The IJ had jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.2(b) (2002). The BIA had
appellate jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(b). We exercise appellate jurisdiction
over the BIA’s order pursuant to § 242(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. 8
U.S.C. § 1252(b); see also Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 548-49 (3d Cir. 2001). 1
When the BIA defers to the IJ, however, we “must review the decision of the IJ.” Gao v.
INS, 299 F.3d 266, 271 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing Abdulai, 239 F.3d at 549 n.2). Where the
petitioner alleges a due process violation, we review the IJ’s decision de novo.
1
Mohamed’s removal to Egypt prior to our decision did not oust this court of
jurisdiction. The section which previously governed our review, 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(c),
which was repealed by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-208, 11 Stat. 1570 (“IIRIRA”), precluded review of matters
where the alien had been removed. See Newton v. INS, 622 F.2d 1193, 1195 (3d Cir.
1980). The provision which governs our jurisdiction subsequent to the IIRIRA, 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252 contains no such prohibition. Nor do we find Mohamed’s claims to be moot,
because if his removal is affirmed, Mohamed is ineligible to return to the United States
for a period of five years. 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(9)(A)(1); see also Steele v. Blackman, 236
F.3d 130, 134 n.4 (3d Cir. 2001).
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Abdulrahman v. Ashcroft, 330 F.3d 587, 595-96 (3d Cir. 2003).
It is well established that “[d]espite the fact that there is no constitutional right to
asylum, aliens facing removal are entitled to due process.” Id. at 596 (citing Abdulai v.
Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 549 (3d Cir. 2001)). However, IJs are given broad discretion in
their ability to conduct trial proceedings. See Aguilar-Solis v. INS, 168 F.3d 565, 569 (1st
Cir. 1999) (“[A] party to an immigration case, like any other litigant, is entitled to a full
and fair hearing–not an idyllic one.”).
In cases such as this one, where the petitioner’s fate relies heavily on his own
testimony, we afford great deference to the IJ’s assessment of credibility. Dia v. Ashcroft,
353 F.3d 228 (3d Cir. 2003) (en banc). However, an IJ may not make that credibility
finding prior to hearing the evidence. He may not pre-judge the applicant’s testimony.
We find no evidence, however, that the IJ assessed Mohamed’s credibility prior to
Mohamed’s testimony. Based on the affidavit already in front of him, which detailed
how Mohamed claimed to have obtained a work authorization card, the IJ simply
expressed doubt that any reasonable person would believe that method of gaining a work
authorization card was not fraudulent. On the affidavit alone, however, the IJ explained
that he was inclined to grant, rather than deny, Mohamed’s petition. When Mohamed
expressed his desire to testify, the IJ warned Mohamed that, although he was inclined to
allow a waiver of past fraud, the same lenience would not be given to fraud before the
court. An IJ is entitled to warn the petitioner as to the consequences of providing false
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testimony to the court. Nothing in the record supports Mohamed’s assertion that the IJ
concluded that Mohamed was a liar before he took the stand.
Further, there is no evidence in the record that the IJ did not allow M ohamed to
testify fully and give his explanation for the fraudulent documents. It was only after
Mohamed testified that the IJ determined that Mohamed had not been truthful and lied
under oath. This is precisely what the IJ is required to do–to make credibility
determinations. To the extent that the IJ’s determination as to Mohamed’s credibility
correlated with his earlier disbelief of Mohamed’s affidavit, this was only possible
because Mohamed’s testimony in no way differed from the affidavit. As we have
explained before, “[i]mpartiality is not gullibility. . . . If the judge did not form judgments
of the actors in those court-house dramas called trials, he could never render decisions.”
Abdulrahman, 330 F.3d at 596 (citing In re J.P. Linahan, Inc., 138 F.2d 650, 654 (2nd
Cir. 1943)). A determination by the IJ that a petitioner has testified falsely is not
improper, and therefore is not a violation of Mohamed’s due process rights. We will
therefore affirm.
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