United States v. Frederick Banks

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 10-2107
___________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
FREDERICK H. BANKS,
Appellant
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Criminal Action No. 04-cr-00176-001)
District Judge: Honorable Joy Flowers Conti
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
April 1, 2011
Before: AMBRO, CHAGARES and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: April 11, 2011)
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OPINION
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PER CURIAM
Frederick H. Banks appeals from an order1 of the United States District Court for
the Western District of Pennsylvania, which denied his “Motion to Modify Special
Assessment and Restitution for Changed Circumstances” for lack of jurisdiction. For the
reasons that follow, we will affirm.
In 2007, the District Court entered an amended judgment in Banks‟ criminal case.
The judgment ordered, inter alia, that Banks pay an $800 assessment and $15,100 in
restitution. Docket #508, page 5. The page of the judgment entitled “Schedule of
Payments” indicates:
Defendant shall participate in the Bureau of Prisons‟ Inmate Financial
Responsibility Program, whereb [sic] 50 percent of his prison salary shall
be applied to the restitution which shall be paid to the victims in proportion
to their losses. Following his release from the Bureau of Prisons‟ custody,
the balance of the restitution shall be paid as a condition of supervised
release.
Docket #508, page 6 of 6. Banks‟ motion stated that he “cannot meet his obligation to
pay the special assessment or restitution while he is imprisoned.” The motion stated that
he “does not make any money from his current prison job,” and that he is “not paid at
1
The Notice of Appeal filed by Banks lists two orders: the one denying his
motion to modify his restitution order; and another denying his “Motion for Conditions of
Confinement Relief.” Banks did not contest the latter order at all in his brief on appeal.
Any challenge to that order would ordinarily be waived. F.D.I.C. v. Deglau, 207 F.3d
153, 169-70 (3d Cir. 2000). However, in case Banks was misled by our order directing
the parties to address certain issues in their briefs, we note that we would in any event
affirm the District Court‟s order denying his Motion for Conditions of Confinement
Relief. We agree with the District Court that a motion filed in his criminal case was not
the proper vehicle for raising the claims about prison conditions contained in that motion.
References in the remainder of this opinion to Banks‟ “motion” pertain to his “Motion to
2
all.” The motion argued first that the restitution order improperly delegated authority to
the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) to set a payment schedule, and noted that the BOP
requires him to pay $25.00 per quarter. The motion also asked the District Court to
modify the schedule pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3572(d)(3), so that Banks would pay $0.00
per month while he is incarcerated.
The District Court held that it lacked jurisdiction to consider the motion to modify
restitution, as it was a challenge to payments Banks was required to make under the
Bureau of Prisons‟ Inmate Financial Responsibility Program (“IFRP”). The Court stated
that Banks needed to exhaust administrative remedies and then file a petition pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the district of his confinement.2 The District Court declined to
entertain Banks‟ claim that it had impermissibly delegated its authority to the BOP in
violation of United States v. Corley, 500 F.3d 210 (3d Cir. 2007), vacated on other
grounds, 129 S. Ct. 1558 (2009), as Banks had failed to develop the argument.3 Banks
timely appealed. We asked the parties to address in their briefs whether the District
Court erred in dismissing Banks‟ motion for lack of jurisdiction.
Modify Special Assessment and Restitution for Changed Circumstances.”
2
Banks was incarcerated in Missouri at the time of the order.
3
In Corley, this Court held that a judgment that stated, “The defendant shall make
restitution and fine payments from any wages he may earn in prison in accordance with
the Bureau of Prisons Inmate Financial Responsibility Program,” and stated “[t]he
restitution and fine shall be due immediately,” impermissibly delegated to the BOP the
District Court‟s statutory responsibility under 18 U.S.C. § 3664(f)(2) to set a payment
schedule if the defendant cannot afford to immediately pay restitution in full. Corley,
500 F.3d at 227.
3
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We may affirm the District
Court on grounds other than those relied on by the District Court. Kabakjian v. United
States, 267 F.3d 208, 213 (3d Cir.2001). We discern three possible aspects to Banks‟
motion: (1) an attempt to challenge the restitution payment schedule ordered by the
Court; (2) an attempt to challenge the overall validity of the court-imposed restitution
order; and (3) an attempt to challenge the payments required by the IFRP program.
To the extent Banks attempted to challenge the restitution payment schedule
imposed by the District Court, the Court had jurisdiction to modify the payment schedule
if there had been “any material change in the defendant‟s economic circumstances that
might affect the defendant‟s ability to pay restitution.” 18 U.S.C. § 3664(k); United
States v. Jaffe, 417 F.3d 259, 267 (2d Cir. 2005) (district court retains jurisdiction to
amend or adjust restitution order if there is any material change in defendant‟s economic
circumstances).4 Although the District Court may have erred by failing to recognize that
it potentially had jurisdiction, any error is without consequence, as Banks failed to show
that there had been a “material change” in his “economic circumstances.” Banks‟
4
Banks cited 18 U.S.C. § 3572(d)(3) as authority for allowing the court to adjust
the payment schedule. While, as Appellees point out, that provision refers to a “fine,”
and Banks was seeking modification for payment of restitution, “the [Mandatory Victims
Restitution Act] provides that „all provisions of [§ 3664(m)(1)(A)] are available to the
United States for the enforcement of an order of restitution,‟ 18 U.S.C. § 3613(f), and
§ 3664(m)(1)(A) provides that an order of restitution may be enforced in the same
manner as a fine.” United States v. Hyde, 497 F.3d 103, 108 n.9 (1st Cir. 2007).
However, as section 3664(k) refers specifically to modification of a restitution order, the
District Court could have construed Banks‟ motion as seeking relief pursuant to that
4
incarceration and inability to earn much money in prison was certainly contemplated by
the District Court when it crafted its payment schedule. Indeed, the provision that Banks
will pay “50 percent of his prison salary” takes into consideration possible fluctuations in
prison salary. Banks has not shown that his economic circumstances have materially
changed from those that the District Court anticipated at sentencing.5
To the extent Banks attempted to challenge the overall validity of the District
Court‟s restitution order, such a challenge should have been made on direct appeal. The
limited jurisdiction conferred by section 3664(k) does not encompass an attack on the
overall validity of a restitution order.
To the extent that Banks attempted to challenge the payments he is required to
make through the IFRP, we agree with the District Court that the proper vehicle for such
a challenge is a petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 filed in the district where his sentence is
being carried out. McGee v. Martinez, 627 F.3d 933, 937 (3d Cir. 2010).
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court‟s judgment.
section.
5
Some simple arithmetic reinforces the District Court‟s conclusion that Banks was
in fact challenging the payments he is required to make under the IFRP, rather than the
payment schedule set by District Court‟s restitution order. Under the District Court‟s
schedule, Banks is required to pay 50% of any prison salary. If Banks is currently “not
paid at all,” his required 50% payment would be zero. It thus appears that Banks is in
reality challenging the payments required under the IFRP.
5