Francis v. Joint Force Headquarters

Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
9-7-2007
Francis v. Joint Force HQ
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 06-2793
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"Francis v. Joint Force HQ" (2007). 2007 Decisions. Paper 461.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
________________
Nos. 06-2793 and 06-2920 (Consolidated)
________________
JANET FRANCIS,
Appellant
v.
JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERS, HRO, HRO-EO, JAG, IG and management offices;
NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU-NGB-EO;
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, c/o AFL-CIO;
DONALD BALLARD; MS. EVELSIZER; LTC GIUARENO; COL STEPHEN HINES;
LTC INGRAO; COL KEYES; LTC MAHON; KATHEY MCCREADY;
COL MILLIKEN; MR PHELAN; MG GLEN REITH; LTC SCHEPENS; JOHN SORI;
MAJOR JAMAL BEALE; GENERAL FRANK CARLINI;
SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
____________________________________
On Appeal From the United States District Court
For the District of New Jersey
(D.C. Civ. No. 05-cv-04484)
District Judge: Honorable Robert B. Kugler
_______________________________________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
August 24, 2007
Before: SLOVITER, MCKEE AND FISHER, CIRCUIT JUDGES
(Filed: September 7, 2007)
_______________________
OPINION
_______________________
PER CURIAM
Janet Francis, acting pro se, appeals an order of the United States District
Court for the District of New Jersey denying her motion for entry of default and granting
defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint.
Francis is a former military technician who was discharged from the United
States Army National Guard and fired from her related civilian employment with the
Department of the Army.1 Her complaint in this case involves the termination of her
civilian employment.2 She claims that her employer and supervisors retaliated against her
for filing a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; failed to
give her a proper hearing before termination; forged documents; and violated Title VII of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.3 In addition, she brings breach of duty of fair representation
claims against her employee union and two of its officers. For these alleged wrongs, she
seeks $1.3 million in compensatory damages, reinstatement at her previous position, and
removal of any negative materials from her personnel file.
The District Court dismissed the union defendants on the grounds that
1
Like the District Court, we draw many of these facts from various defense motions,
as the complaint filed by Francis is nearly devoid of factual allegations to support her
claims.
2
Francis challenged the discharge from her military position in a separate action. See
D.N.J. Civ. No. 05-cv-04882; C.A. No. 06-4246.
3
Given the extremely terse nature of the complaint, it is difficult to ascertain the
precise nature of appellant’s claims. We agree with the District Court’s reading that all of
the claims raised against the agency defendants should be treated as falling under Title
VII.
2
government employees have no private right of action against unions for breaching their
duty of fair representation. The Court denied appellant’s motion for entry of default and
dismissed the government defendants for failure to perfect service as required by Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i)(1). No leave of additional time to serve the Attorney
General was granted, as the District Court concluded that none of the named defendants
was subject to suit under Title VII. Nor did the Court permit the filing of a second or
third amended complaint. Instead, the Court granted defendants’ motion to substitute the
Secretary of the Department of the Army as the proper Title VII defendant and gave
Francis nearly three weeks to serve the Secretary and the Attorney General properly.
When no proof of service was submitted, the District Court dismissed the complaint for
failure to effectuate service. Appellant moved for reconsideration, which the Court
denied. A timely appeal followed.4
We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, undertaking plenary
review of the District Court’s determinations about the propriety of service under Rule 4.
See Petrucelli v. Bohringer and Ratzinger, 46 F.3d 1298, 1303-04 (3d Cir. 1995). All
other issues in this case will be reviewed for abuse of discretion: the denial of appellant’s
motion for default judgment, see Jorden v. Nat’l Guard Bureau, 877 F.2d 245, 250-52 (3d
Cir. 1989); the determination that there was not “good cause” to excuse late service for
abuse of discretion, See MCI Tellecomms. Corp. v. Teleconcepts, Inc., 71 F.3d 1086,
4
Francis appealed various district court orders in two separate actions, which were
consolidated by order of the Clerk on August 25, 2006.
3
1096 (3d Cir. 1995); and the denial of reconsideration, see Alston v. Parker, 363 F.3d
229, 233 (3d Cir. 2004).
Appellant’s breach of fair representation claims were properly dismissed.
As the District Court explained at some length, federal employees do not enjoy a private
right of action against their union for breach of its statutory duty of fair representation.
See District Court Opinion of April 10, 2006, at 3-7; Karahalios v. Nat’l Fed’n of Fed.
Employees, Local 1263, 489 U.S. 527, 529 (1989). Nor may such claims be brought
against attorneys or union officials who implemented the union’s course of action. See
Montplaisir v. Leighton, 875 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir. 1989). Therefore, Francis’s claims are
barred as to defendant American Federation of Government Employees and its officers,
Sori and Phelan.
The District Court was also correct in concluding that the Secretary of the
Department of the Army was the only proper defendant under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c).5
The individual defendants were not subject to suit under Title VII, see Sheridan v. E.I.
DuPont de Nemours and Co., 100 F.3d 1061, 1078 (3d Cir. 1996), and the named
government entities are not proper defendants, as the statute provides for suit only against
the head of the employing agency. See Williams v. Army and Air Force Exch. Serv., 830
F.2d 27, 29 (3d Cir. 1987).
5
We also agree with the District Court’s determination that Francis was an employee
of the Department of the Army under 42 U.S.C. § 709. See Ass’n of Civilian Technicians
v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 250 F.3d 778, 781 (D.C. Cir. 2001); Leistiko v. Stone, 135
F.3d 817, 818 (6th Cir. 1998).
4
The District Court did not abuse its discretion in substituting the Secretary
of the Department of the Army as the only proper defendant for appellant’s Title VII
claims.6 It afforded her a reasonable amount of time to effectuate service, given the
length of time that had already passed since the filing of the complaint. Appellant
contends that she did mail a copy of the summonses and complaint to the Attorney
General of the United States, submitting United States Post Office receipts reflecting mail
sent to the attention of the Attorney General at an address in New Jersey. As Rule
4(i)(1)(B) makes clear, and as the District Court repeated in its Opinion dismissing the
originally-named defendants, a copy of the summons and complaint must be mailed to the
Attorney General “at Washington, District of Columbia.” Appellant was afforded every
opportunity to comply with this unambiguous requirement, and she has submitted no
evidence of having done so. The District Court acted within its discretion in dismissing
the complaint.
We find no abuse of discretion in the District Court’s denial of Francis’s
motion for reconsideration, which identified neither errors in the District Court’s orders
nor any other basis to justify revisiting them.
Accordingly, we will affirm the order of the District Court.
6
The District Court acted properly in denying Francis leave to submit additional
amendments to her complaint, as she had already amended the complaint once as of right
and the proposed amendments would have been futile. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a); Arthur
v. Maersk, Inc., 434 F.3d 196, 204 (3d Cir. 2006).
5