United States v. Cintron

Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
6-25-2007
USA v. Cintron
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-2882
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
__________
Nos. 05-2882 and 05-2918
__________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
MILTON CINTRON,
a/k/a Chico
Milton Cintron,
Appellant No. 05-2882
________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
FERNANDO CINTRON,
Appellant No. 05-2918
__________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Criminal Nos. 03-cr-00675-2 (Milton Cintron)
and 03-cr-00675-1 (Fernando Cintron))
District Judge: Honorable Stewart Dalzell
__________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on May 10, 2007
Before: RENDELL, JORDAN, and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
(Filed: June 25, 2007)
__________
OPINION OF THE COURT
__________
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.
Fernando Cintron and Milton Cintron appeal from their conviction, following a
jury trial, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.1
On appeal, the Cintrons claim that the District Court erred in admitting evidence seized
through the execution of a search warrant under the good faith exception articulated in
United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984), arguing that the sworn affidavit in support of
the warrant lacked the requisite indicia of probable cause. We have jurisdiction to review
the Cintrons’ conviction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We will affirm the ruling of the District
Court.
I.
On April 8, 2003, the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office (“PAGO”)
commenced an investigation into the cocaine drug trafficking activities of Fernando
Cintron, which included his brother Milton Cintron. In furtherance of this investigation,
on July 29, 2003, Agent Alan Basewitz sought and was granted a search warrant for
3823 North Percy Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.2 The affidavit offered in support of
1
We consolidated the appeals of co-defendants Fernando Cintron, No. 05-2918, and
Milton Cintron, No. 05-2882, by order dated October 27, 2005.
2
Agent Basewitz also sought search warrants for Fernando Cintron’s “Dollar Store” at
533 Courtland Street, Philadelphia, and 3814 North Percy Street, Philadelphia.
2
the search warrant detailed interviews conducted by Agent Basewitz with persons
described as “Confidential Informant # 1” (“CI 1”) and “Confidential Informant # 2”
(“CI 2”) as well as the observations of government surveillance. The affidavit described
that CI 1, identified at trial as Wally Carnivale, purchased cocaine from Fernando Cintron
for resale on approximately 150 occasions between 1999 and December 2002 and that he
was directed by Fernando, between fifteen and twenty times, as recently as December
2000, to 3823 North Percy Street to obtain this cocaine. Similarly, CI 2 related
purchasing cocaine for resale over 200 times from Fernando Cintron between 1998 and
2000, and also indicated that Fernando consistently used 3823 North Percy Street for the
purposes of delivering this cocaine. Although the affidavit did not provide information
about 3823 North Percy Street after December 2000, it did recount government
surveillance conducted on July 28, 2003 in which Milton Cintron was observed leaving
3823 North Percy Street with a bottom heavy shopping bag, and entering 3814 North
Percy Street with Sandro Gonzalez, a suspected drug courier for Fernando Cintron, just
three hours after Carnivale made a controlled, advanced payment to Fernando for cocaine.
On July 29, 2003, agents executed the search warrant for 3823 North Percy Street
and recovered 243 grams of cocaine, a mold used to repackage cocaine, a hydraulic press,
cocaine cutting agents, and repackaging materials.
On October 1, 2003, Fernando Cintron and Milton Cintron were indicted. A
superseding indictment was filed on July 28, 2004. Fernando was charged with conspiracy
to distribute in excess of five kilograms of cocaine and 1,000 kilograms of marijuana in
3
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(b)(1)(B) (Count One), three counts of distribution
of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C §§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(C) (Counts Two, Three,
Four), and one count of possession with intent to distribute cocaine in violation of
21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(C) (Count Five). Milton was indicted on Counts
One, Four, and Five.
The Cintrons elected to go to trial and, on January 16, 2004, Milton Cintron filed a
motion to suppress the evidence seized at 3823 North Percy Street. Fernando Cintron filed
a similar motion. The District Court denied these motions, reasoning that, assuming
Milton Cintron had a legitimate expectation of privacy in 3823 North Percy Street, and
assuming that the search warrant was not supported by probable cause, the “good faith
exception” to the warrant requirement nevertheless applied and, therefore, there were no
grounds to suppress the evidence. Fernando Cintron was subsequently found guilty on
Counts One, Two, Three, and Five and sentenced to 120 months of imprisonment followed
by eight years of supervised release. Milton Cintron was found guilty on Counts One and
Four and sentenced to 120 months imprisonment followed by eight years of supervised
release. Gonzalez was also charged, but was later acquitted in a separate trial.
Fernando Cintron and Milton Cintron now appeal, arguing that the District Court’s
ruling as to their motions to suppress was error. We review the District Court’s factual
finding for clear error and exercise plenary review of the District Court’s application of the
law to those facts. United States v. Perez, 280 F.3d 318, 336 (3rd Cir. 2002). To
determine if there was a “substantial basis” for finding probable cause, we reserve our
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analysis to information contained in the affidavit. United States v. Hodge, 246 F.3d 301,
306 (3rd Cir. 2001); see United States v. Jones, 994 F.2d 1051, 1055 (3rd Cir. 1993) (in
ruling on a motion to suppress “we confine our review to the facts that were before the
magistrate judge, i.e., the affidavit”).
II.
The Cintrons argue that Agent Basewitz’s affidavit lacked the requisite indicia of
probable cause to permit a ruling of good faith reliance upon the search warrant and,
therefore, that the evidence seized from 3823 North Percy Street should have been
suppressed. Specifically, they argue that the affidavit contained stale information that was
not refreshed by the government’s July 28, 2003 surveillance. We find these arguments
unpersuasive.
Generally, the exclusionary rule bars illegally seized evidence from being used
against a defendant at trial. See Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963). This rule
“is designed to deter police misconduct rather than to punish the errors of judges and
magistrates.” United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897, 916 (1984). Therefore, the fruits of a
search conducted pursuant to a warrant subsequently found invalid will not be suppressed
when officers, acting in good faith, reasonably relied on that warrant. Id. at 922. Evidence
will only be excluded when “a reasonably well trained officer would have known that the
search was illegal despite the magistrate's authorization.” Id. at 923 n. 23. However, “[t]he
mere existence of a warrant typically suffices to prove that an officer conducted a search in
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good faith and justifies application of the good faith exception.” Hodge, 246 F.3d at 307-
308 (citing Leon, 468 U.S. at 922; United States v. Williams, 3 F.3d 69, 74 (3rd Cir. 1993)).
Reliance on a warrant is only insufficient when: (1) the magistrate issued the warrant in
reliance on a deliberately or recklessly false affidavit; (2) the magistrate abandoned his
judicial role and failed to perform his neutral and detached function; (3) the warrant was
based on an affidavit so lacking of indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its
existence entirely unreasonable; or (4) the warrant was so facially deficient that it failed to
particularize the place to be searched or the things to be seized. Williams, 3 F.3d at 74 n. 4
(citations omitted).
In this case, defendants assert the third exception, arguing first that, because the
affidavit contained no information pertaining to 3823 North Percy Street from December
2000 through July 2003, the warrant was based on evidence too stale to support probable
cause and, second, that this stale information was not refreshed by the information obtained
from the government’s surveillance of 3823 North Percy Street.
The Cintrons emphasize that the affidavit described Milton Citron walking merely
“from the area” of 3823 North Percy Street, rather than from the residence itself, to meet
with Sandro Gonzalez at 3814 North Percy Street. Next, the Cintrons claim that while the
affidavit described Milton arriving at 3814 North Percy Street with a laden bag, it also
described him returning to 3823 North Percy Street with that same bag, a fact which, in
their view, should not support an inference that he actually delivered anything, let alone
drugs, to 3814 North Percy Street. Consequently, the defendants argue that, from these
6
observations, the affidavit presented nothing that would have refreshed the otherwise stale
information.
The Cintrons are correct to argue that the age of the information supporting an
affadvit of probable cause is a factor that must be considered. We have said that “if the
information is too old, it may have little value in showing that contraband or evidence is
still likely to be found in the place for which the warrant is sought.” United States v.
Williams, 124 F.3d 411, 420 (3rd Cir. 1997) (citing United States v. Harvey, 2 F.3d 1318,
1322 (3rd Cir. 1993)). However, an activity such as drug trafficking is of a continuous and
protracted nature and consequently the passage of time diminishes the significance of
staleness in such cases. See United States v. Tehfe, 722 F.2d 1114, 1119 (3rd Cir. 1983).
Furthermore, we have said that stale information can be refreshed with newer information
that relates back to the subject of the older information. Id. at 1120 (explaining that recent
information through surveillance and pen registers updated informant’s older information of
drug dealing operation).
A more contextualized recounting of the information in Agent Basewitz’s affidavit
shows that the District Court did not clearly err in finding that the PAGO agents were
reasonable in relying on the warrant. On July 28, 2003, approximately three hours after
Carnivale pre-paid Fernando Cintron for cocaine, Milton Cintron was observed, with a
bottom heavy shopping bag, walking from the area of 3823 North Percy Street to
3814 North Percy Street to meet Sandro Gonzalez, a suspected drug courier for Fernando
Cintron. Gonzalez and Milton Cintron entered the residence at 3814 and remained inside
7
for ten minutes. Gonzalez then left by car. Milton Cintron exited and walked to
3823 North Percy Street carrying the shopping bag, and used a key to enter the residence.
One minute later, Milton Cintron left the house without the shopping bag. In sum, Milton
Cintron, the brother of a suspected drug dealer, was observed at 4:05 P.M., only three hours
after Fernando Cintron told Carnivale that his cocaine would be delivered before dark,
bringing a package to a suspected drug courier from 3823 North Percy Street. An agent
could have reasonably inferred that the defendants were therefore continuing to use
3823 North Percy Street as a location to facilitate their cocaine trafficking activities, as they
were alleged to have done from 1998 to 2000.
Therefore, because the surveillance conducted on July 28, 2003 refreshed the
background information in the affidavit linking the defendants to 3823 North Percy Street,
the District Court did not err, let alone clearly err, in concluding that the warrant was based
on an affidavit with sufficient indicia of probable cause as to satisfy the application of the
good faith exception.3
III.
For these reasons, we will AFFIRM the District Court.
3
Because we find that the good faith exception applies, we need not address the
government’s harmless error argument.
8