Gary Vaughn, Jr. v. Cambria County Prison

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 17-1031
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GARY E. VAUGHN, JR.,
Appellant
v.
CAMBRIA COUNTY PRISON;
NORMAN KRUMENACKER, County Prison Board President;
CHRISTIAN SMITH, Warden, Cambria County Prison;
TAMMY SINCLAIR, Counselor, Cambria County Prison;
DONALD OCHENRIDER, JR., Captain, Cambria County Prison;
KURT WOLFORD, Grievance Lieutenant, Cambria County Prison;
JOHN SIKORA, Counselor, Cambria County Prison
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(W.D. Pa. No. 3-16-cv-00249)
Magistrate Judge: Honorable Keith A. Pesto
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
October 2, 2017
Before: AMBRO, KRAUSE and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: October 3, 2017)
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OPINION*
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*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
PER CURIAM
Gary A. Vaughn, Jr., proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, appeals from the
United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania’s order sua sponte
dismissing his complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. For the following reasons, we will
affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand.
In November 2016, Vaughn filed a civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983raising ten claims. In particular, Vaughn alleged that prison officials at Cambria County
Prison removed him from his prison law librarian job and transferred him to FCI Loretto
in retaliation for assisting other inmates with their legal claims. He also asserted claims
on behalf of other inmates, alleging that prison officials denied their rights under the
First, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments. For instance, Vaughn alleged that
inmates were denied access to the courts, developed respiratory illnesses because of
exposure to black mold and were denied adequate dental health care, and were prohibited
from calling their attorneys at the County Public Defender’s Office. Finally, he claimed
that prison officials directed him to “cease and desist” providing legal assistance to other
inmates. Vaughn consented to jurisdiction by a Magistrate Judge, who sua sponte
dismissed the complaint under § 1915A, concluding that there were “no meritorious
claims … and no reasonable likelihood of any amendment that would allege meritorious
claims.” Vaughn appealed.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and exercise plenary review
over the District Court’s sua sponte dismissal of Vaughn’s complaint. See Allah v.
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Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 223 (3d Cir. 2000). To survive dismissal, a complaint need
only contain “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl.
Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). To state a § 1983 retaliation claim,
Vaughn must allege: (1) that the conduct leading to the alleged retaliation was
constitutionally protected; (2) that he suffered an adverse action sufficient to deter a
person of ordinary firmness from exercising his constitutional rights; and (3) that his
protected conduct was a substantial or motivating factor in the adverse action. See
Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330, 333 (3d Cir. 2001).
The Magistrate Judge held that Vaughn “has no right to provide legal assistance to
an inmate.” In support of that conclusion, the Magistrate Judge relied on Shaw v.
Murphy, in which the Supreme Court held that there is no independent First Amendment
right to provide legal assistance to fellow inmates that enhances the protections that are
otherwise available under Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987). 532 U.S. 223, 228
(2001). After the Magistrate Judge dismissed Vaughn’s complaint, we held that an
inmate “plausibly alleged that his conduct in assisting his assigned inmate prepare a
grievance, which was both pursuant to his job duties and in accordance with prison
regulations, was not inconsistent with legitimate penological interests, and therefore
could fall within the limited First Amendment rights that prisoners retain.” Wisniewski
v. Fisher, 857 F.3d 152, 156-57 (3d Cir. 2017). Here, Vaughn alleged that he provided
“prison authorized assistance to other inmates” as the “prison’s only law librarian.”
According to Vaughn, that position’s duties included assisting inmates with legal
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research, with technical problems with the computer and software, with use of the
typewriter, and with drafting letters and legal documents. In light of Wisniewski, we
conclude that these allegations regarding the first element of a retaliation claim are
sufficient to survive initial review under § 1915A.
In addition, the Magistrate Judge erred in holding that Vaughn did not suffer an
adverse action sufficient to deter a person of ordinary firmness from exercising his
constitutional rights. The Magistrate Judge stated that “[t]ransfer simpliciter from
Cambria County to Loretto is not adverse action[,]”1 and held that the named defendants
(all officials at the Cambria County Prison) had no personal involvement in Vaughn’s
transfer because he was technically in the custody of the United States Marshals Service.
See Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d 1195, 1207 (3d Cir. 1988) (“A defendant in a civil
rights action must have personal involvement in the alleged wrongs [to be liable].’). But
the Magistrate Judge should have permitted Vaughn to amend his complaint to make
specific allegations about the defendants’ involvement in the decision to transfer him.
See Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103, 108 (3d Cir. 2002). We also note
that the Magistrate Judge’s conclusion about the defendants’ lack of personal
involvement does not apply to Vaughn’s retaliation claim based on the loss of his prison
1
In reaching this conclusion, the Magistrate Judge noted that transfer to FCI Loretto
would not deter Vaughn from exercising his constitutional rights because he had in fact
requested such a transfer, believing that the conditions were better there. But “[t]he
question is not whether the plaintiff [himself] was deterred, though how plaintiff acted
might be evidence of what a reasonable person would have done.” Garcia v. City of
Trenton, 348 F.3d 726, 729 (8th Cir. 2003). Instead, the ordinary firmness “test is an
objective one, not subjective.” Id.4
librarian job. Here, Vaughn alleged that the President of the Prison Board, Norman
Krumenacker, ordered his termination from that job. Notably, we recently concluded that
“the termination of prison employment constitutes adverse action sufficient to deter the
exercise of First Amendment rights, satisfying the second element of a retaliation claim at
this stage of the litigation.” Wisniewski, 857 F.3d at 157.
Vaughn also sufficiently alleged that the protected conduct was a substantial or
motivating factor in the adverse action. See Treasurer of N.J. v. U.S. Dep’t of Treasury,
684 F.3d 382, 395 (3d Cir. 2012) (stating that the Court accepts as true all factual
allegations set forth in the complaint, and construes them in favor of the nonmoving
party). In his complaint, Vaughn alleged that he was fired after working as the prison law
librarian for over 13 months. According to Vaughn, the President of the Prison Board
ordered that Vaughn be terminated because he was helping other inmates in the law
library and did not possess a valid law license. Vaughn also claimed that prison officials
directed him to “cease and desist” providing legal assistance to other inmates. In sum,
we conclude that Vaughn has stated a retaliation claim, and that dismissal of this claim
was in error.
Vaughn’s remaining claims were brought on behalf of other inmates at the
Cambria County Prison. The Magistrate Judge correctly determined that Vaughn lacks
standing to raise such claims. But he should be allowed to amend his complaint to
identify a “personal stake” in the alleged constitutional violations. See Weaver v.
Wilcox, 650 F.2d 22, 27-28 (3d Cir. 1981). In this connection, with the exception of
Vaughn’s dental health care claim, see Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 746 (9th Cir.
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2002) (holding that plaintiff in a prison conforming to National Commission on
Correctional Health Care standards “cannot establish that the lack of routine teeth
cleaning constitutes deliberate indifference to serious medical needs” (internal quotation
marks omitted)), it is not clear that amendment of these claims would be futile. See also
Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351 (1996) (to pursue a claim of denial of access to the
courts an inmate must allege an actual injury to his ability to litigate a claim); Board v.
Farnham, 394 F.3d 469, 485–86 (7th Cir. 2005) (holding that allegation of inadequate
ventilation in prison may state a claim for relief); Allah v. Al-Hafeez, 226 F.3d 247, 251-
52 (3d Cir. 2000) (discussing availability of nominal and punitive damages for
constitutional violations).
We note that all of Vaughn’s claims pertain to his confinement at the Cambria
County Prison and, with the exception of his request for punitive damages for the alleged
exposure to black mold, Vaughn sought only declaratory and injunctive relief.2 He is
now incarcerated at the FCI Fort Dix. “An inmate’s transfer from the facility complained
of generally moots the equitable and declaratory claims.” Sutton v. Rasheed, 323 F.3d
236, 248 (3d Cir. 2003) (citing Abdul-Akbar v. Watson, 4 F.3d 195, 197 (3d Cir. 1993)).
Therefore, the Magistrate Judge properly dismissed as moot Vaughn’s claims for
declaratory and injunctive relief. But Vaughn’s transfer does not render moot a request
2
The Magistrate Judge stated that punitive damages were unavailable under 18 U.S.C.
§ 3626(a)(1)(A), but acknowledged that “there are post-[Prison Litigation Reform Act]
decisions assuming that punitive damages are still available.” See Johnson v. Breeden,
280 F.3d 1308, 1325 (11th Cir. 2002). We offer no opinion on this issue at this time, and
defer consideration of it in this proceeding because liability has not yet been found. See
Wilkerson v. Stalder, 329 F.3d 431, 434 n.3 (5th Cir. 2003).
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for damages raised in an amended complaint. See id. at 249; see also McKinley v.
Kaplan, 177 F.3d 1253, 1258 (11th Cir. 1999) (per curiam) (“[W]e see nothing
illegitimate about a plaintiff seeking a new type of relief when intervening events occur
during the pendency of litigation that makes the originally sought relief impossible.”).
Thus, on remand, the District Court should permit Vaughn to file an amended complaint
to “make clear the nature of any damages he seeks ….” Thompson v. Carter, 284 F.3d
411, 419 (2d Cir. 2002).
In sum, we will affirm the Magistrate Judge’s determination that Vaughn lacks
standing to bring claims on behalf of other inmates, as well as the dismissal of Vaughn’s
request for declaratory and injunctive relief. We will vacate and remand, however, with
respect to the dismissal of Vaughn’s retaliation claim. On remand, the District Court
should permit Vaughn to amend his complaint to include claims for damages, to allege
that the defendants were personally involved in the decision to transfer him, and to allege
a “personal stake” in the other purported constitutional violations, with the exception of
his dental health care claim.
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