Darren Miller v. Amanda Hartwell

CLD-020 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 20-2259
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DARREN L. MILLER,
Appellant
v.
AMANDA HARTWELL, INDIVIDUALLY AND OFFICIAL CAPACITY;
PAUL ENNIS, INDIVIDUALLY AND OFFICIAL CAPACITY;
JERRI SMOCK, INDIVIDUALLY AND OFFICIAL CAPACITY;
UNIT MANAGER SANTOS, INDIVIDUALLY AND OFFICIAL CAPACITY
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civil Action No. 1-19-cv-00339)
District Judge: Honorable Susan Paradise Baxter
____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or
Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
October 29, 2020
Before: RESTREPO, MATEY, and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 1, 2020)
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OPINION*
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*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
PER CURIAM
Appellant Darren Miller, a prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis,
appeals the District Court’s denial of his motion for reconsideration of an order refusing
him a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction. We will summarily affirm.
Miller initiated this action in November 2019, when he was an inmate at the
Pennsylvania State Correctional Institution at Albion (“SCI-Albion”). Miller’s complaint
alleged that the four named defendants, all employees at SCI-Albion, displayed deliberate
indifference to his serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment, and
violated his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights by denying him access to the law
library and shower facilities. At the root of his claim is the SCI-Albion medical staff’s
treatment of a back injury he suffered from a fall in his cell. He sought monetary
damages along with injunctive and declaratory relief to address his alleged medical
needs. Relevant to this appeal, he also moved for a temporary restraining order or
preliminary injunction directing the named employees of SCI-Albion to provide him
with: medical treatment, including further testing and pain medication; devices to assist
him in walking; and access both to shower facilities and the law library.
Despite Miller not yet having filed his motion to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP
motion”), the District Court held a telephonic hearing on Miller’s request for preliminary
injunctive relief on December 3, 2019. The court heard testimony from Miller, defendant-
appellee Nurse Jerri Smock, and Dr. Lisa Baird. At the end of the hearing, the court
denied the request for injunctive relief on the record, followed by a memorandum order
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to the same effect entered on December 10, 2019. Because Miller still had not filed his
IFP motion, the court also ordered the case to be statistically closed.
In April 2020, Miller filed a completed IFP motion, which the District Court
granted. When the District Court granted his IFP application, Miller’s complaint was
deemed filed and entered on the docket, along with his original motion for a temporary
restraining order or preliminary injunction. Initially, the District Court did not realize that
the docket entry of the motion was duplicative and scheduled a hearing, which it quickly
cancelled after reviewing the motion. On May 18, 2020, the court issued a memorandum
order dismissing the motion for injunctive relief as moot, based on the previous ruling.
The court also noted that Miller has since been transferred to the State Correctional
Institution at Fayette (“SCI-Fayette”), and therefore any request for prospective
injunctive relief against the named defendants was moot. The same day, Miller filed a
motion to reconsider the denial of injunctive relief. The District Court denied his motion
the next day in a text order, concluding that he had failed to provide a substantial basis
for reconsideration. Miller filed a timely notice of appeal.
We have jurisdiction over this appeal of an interlocutory order to the extent it
refused an injunction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1). We may take summary action
where an appeal presents “no substantial question.” 3d Cir. LAR 27.4.
A timely appeal from a denial of a Rule 59 motion to alter or amend “brings up the
underlying judgment for review.” Quality Prefabrication, Inc. v. Daniel J. Keating Co.,
675 F.2d 77, 78 (3d Cir. 1982). “Therefore, the standard of review for a denial of a
motion for reconsideration varies with the nature of the underlying judicial decision.”
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Fed. Kemper Ins. Co. v. Rauscher, 807 F.2d 345, 348 (3d Cir. 1986). “We generally
review a district court’s denial of a preliminary injunction for abuse of discretion but
review the underlying factual findings for clear error and examine legal conclusions de
novo.” Brown v. City of Pittsburgh, 586 F.3d 263, 268 (3d Cir. 2009).
Here, the District Court denied Miller’s motion for reconsideration because it did
not establish a proper basis on which to reconsider the prior order. Construing Miller’s
motion pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e),1 the District Court determined
that Miller failed to satisfy any of the appropriate grounds for such a motion: “(1) an
intervening change in controlling law; (2) the availability of new evidence; or (3) the
need to correct clear error of law or prevent manifest injustice.” Lazaridis v. Wehmer,
591 F.3d 666, 669 (3d Cir. 2010) (citing N. River Ins. Co. v. CIGNA Reinsurance Co., 52
F.3d 1194, 1218 (3d Cir. 1995)).
Because this denial “brings up the underlying judgment for review,” our task is to
examine the District Court’s decision that the refiled motion for preliminary injunctive
1
The District Court construed this motion under Rule 59(e), but Miller was explicit that
he was seeking relief under Rule 60(b). While it is true that for certain purposes, this
Court “regards a motion labeled only as a motion for reconsideration as the functional
equivalent of a Rule 59 motion,” Venen v. Sweet, 758 F.2d 117, 122 (3d Cir. 1985)
(emphasis added), “it is the relief desired, not the title of the motion, that dictates how
this Court should view a particular filing,” Gutierrez v. Johnson & Johnson, 523 F.3d
187, 195 (3d Cir. 2008). Here, Miller’s “motion to reconsider” cited Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure 60(b)(3) and 60(b)(6) as grounds for relief, alleging fraud and
misrepresentation by the witnesses at the December motion hearing. Rule 60(b)(3)
specifically provides for relief due to fraud or misrepresentation, but Rule 59(e) does not.
Therefore, although titled a “motion to reconsider,” Miller’s motion would have been
better considered under Rule 60(b), as he intended. However, because of the mootness
issue, any error in the District Court’s treatment of the motion was harmless.
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relief was moot. The District Court concluded on May 19, 2020, that the refiled motion
for a preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order was moot by virtue of its
earlier ruling on the same motion.2 In the same order, the District Court dismissed
Miller’s claims for prospective injunctive and declaratory relief contained within his
complaint, on the ground that his transfer from SCI-Albion to SCI-Fayette rendered these
claims moot. Sutton v. Rasheed, 323 F.3d 236, 248 (3d Cir. 2003) (“An inmate’s transfer
from the facility complained of generally moots the equitable and declaratory claims.”
(citing Abdul–Akbar v. Watson, 4 F.3d 195, 197 (3d Cir. 1993))). While that latter
decision is not a final judgment and therefore is not before us, it guides our review of the
District Court’s denial of Miller’s request for preliminary injunctive relief.
“A party seeking a preliminary injunction must show: (1) a likelihood of success
on the merits; (2) that it will suffer irreparable harm if the injunction is denied; (3) that
granting preliminary relief will not result in even greater harm to the nonmoving party;
and (4) that the public interest favors such relief.” Kos Pharms., Inc. v. Andrx Corp., 369
F.3d 700, 708 (3d Cir. 2004). Because Miller has been transferred from the facility at
which the named defendants oversaw his medical care, he can demonstrate neither
2
It is reasonably clear from the record that the refiling of the motion occurred because it
was attached to Miller’s complaint; thereby the clerk refiled the entirety of Miller’s
original submission once the District Court granted his IFP motion. In other words,
Miller himself did not refile a duplicative motion for preliminary injunctive relief.
Although the District Court initially scheduled a hearing on the refiled motion, it
immediately cancelled the hearing once it understood the clerical refiling. However,
because Miller’s transfer alone renders his request for injunctive relief moot, as described
below, we need not examine the District Court’s determination of mootness based on the
prior order.
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likelihood of success on the merits of his claim for prospective injunctive relief nor
irreparable injury from the denial of preliminary injunctive relief, and therefore both are
equally moot.
Accordingly, Miller’s appeal does not present a substantial question, and we will
summarily affirm. 3d Cir. LAR 27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.
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