Quihuiri-Pilatuna v. Attorney General of the United States

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 11-2532
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ROBERTO QUIHUIRI-PILATUNA,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Respondent
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On Petition for Review from an
Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(Board No. A073-129-697)
Immigration Judge: Honorable Frederic Leeds
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Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
May 18, 2012
Before: SMITH and FISHER, Circuit Judges, and STEARNS,* District Judge.
(Filed: June 8, 2012)
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OPINION OF THE COURT
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*
The Honorable Richard G. Stearns, District Judge for the United States District
Court for the District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation.
FISHER, Circuit Judge.
Roberto Quihuiri-Pilatuna (“Quihuiri”) filed a motion to reopen his case in order
to rescind the Immigration Court‟s in absentia order of deportation. An Immigration
Judge (“IJ”) denied the motion. While Quihuiri‟s appeal of the IJ‟s order was pending,
he filed a separate motion to remand the case, claiming that his counsel had been
ineffective. The Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirmed the IJ‟s denial of the
motion to reopen and denied the motion to remand. Quihuiri timely filed a petition for
review. For the reasons set forth below, we will deny his petition.
I.
We write exclusively for the parties, who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we will set forth only those facts necessary to our
analysis.
On or about May 30, 1994, Quihuiri, a native of Ecuador, was apprehended by the
Immigration and Naturalization Border Patrol after he entered the United States near
Douglas, Arizona. He was issued an Order to Show Cause (“OSC”) on May 31, 1994, by
a Border Patrol Agent charging him with entering the United States without inspection.
Because Quihuiri did not speak English at the time, he was allowed to call his friend in
New Jersey, who spoke with the Agent and gave him the address where Quihuiri could be
reached. The OSC reflected the address as written down by the Agent after speaking
with Quihuiri‟s friend: “2407 Bergenlene Ave. #2, Union City, New Jersey.” The OSC
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also contained several warnings, including Quihuiri‟s responsibility to provide written
notice to the IJ of any change in address or telephone number within five days of the
change, the fact that hearing notices would be mailed only to the last address provided,
and the potential consequences of failing to appear for the hearing. The Agent read the
information in the OSC to Quihuiri in Spanish, his native language.
On June 29, 1994, the Immigration Court sent to Quihuiri, via certified mail, a
written notice that his case was scheduled for hearing on September 29, 1994, at
8:30 a.m. The U.S. Postal Service returned the hearing notice to the Immigration Court,
marked “Addressee unknown.” On September 29, 1994, Quihuiri failed to appear for the
scheduled hearing, so the IJ ordered him deported in absentia to Ecuador.
Quihuiri submits that he first learned of his 1994 deportation order in June 2005
with the help of his attorney, Melinda Rubin (“Rubin”). Rubin obtained a copy of
Quihuiri‟s Immigration Court file in the process of filing an I-140 employment-based
petition on Quihuiri‟s behalf, which was approved on April 23, 2007. At that time,
according to Quihuiri, he told his attorney that the address on the OSC was incorrect and
that his correct address was “2409 Bergenline Avenue, #2, Union City, New Jersey.”
Quihuiri maintains that Rubin told him “we should stick with it . . . because immigration
would not believe if we change it.”
On October 12, 2007, Rubin filed a motion to reopen to rescind his in absentia
order of deportation with the Immigration Court. Quihuiri‟s accompanying affidavit
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falsely stated that he “lived at the address . . . 2407 Bergenlene Ave., #2, Union City, NJ
07087 until March of 1995” and that he “never received, and or turned away mail” or
“den[ied] being Jose Quihuiri for purposes of evading service.” The IJ denied Quihuiri‟s
motion to reopen, and Quihuiri filed a timely appeal to the BIA.
While his appeal of the IJ‟s decision was pending, Quihuiri filed with the BIA a
separate motion to remand the case. He alleged that his counsel, Rubin, provided
ineffective assistance because Rubin advised him to provide false information to the
Immigration Court. As a result, Quihuiri contends, he signed an affidavit that falsely
stated that he resided at “2407 Bergenlene Ave., #2, Union City, New Jersey,” when he
actually resided at “2409 Bergenline Avenue, #2, Union City, New Jersey.” The BIA
affirmed the IJ‟s decision denying the motion to reopen to rescind his in absentia order of
deportation and denied the subsequent motion to remand. Quihuiri filed a timely appeal.
II.
We have jurisdiction under INA § 242(a), 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and review the BIA‟s
denial of a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion. Patel v. Att’y Gen., 639 F.3d 649,
651 (3d Cir. 2011). Under this standard, the BIA‟s decision will not be disturbed unless
it is “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law.” Fadiga v. Att’y Gen., 488 F.3d 142, 153
(3d Cir. 2007). And we treat a motion to remand while an appeal is pending as a motion
to reopen because a remand necessarily requires the proceedings to be reopened.
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Korytnyuk v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 272, 282 (3d Cir. 2005). Therefore, we also review the
motion to remand for an abuse of discretion. Id.III.
First, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in affirming the denial of Quihuiri‟s
motion to reopen. As a preliminary matter, Quihuiri now disavows the critical factual
allegations, including his address at the time the deportation hearing notice was sent, that
were the bases of his initial motion to reopen. Moreover, he puts forth no meaningful
challenge to the BIA‟s decision, as his only argument relies entirely on the application of
the incorrect statutory provision.1 Accordingly, he has waived judicial review of the
BIA‟s denial of the motion to reopen. See Dwumaah v. Att’y Gen., 609 F.3d 586, 589 n.3
(3d Cir. 2010).
Even if we reach the merits of Quihuiri‟s claim, the BIA did not abuse its
discretion in affirming the IJ‟s denial of the motion to reopen. Because Quihuiri‟s
immigration proceedings were initiated in 1994, we must apply the former INA § 242B, 8
U.S.C. § 1252b, rather than the current provision implemented after the 1996
amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”). Patel, 639 F.3d at 651.
“Under [the former] statute, aliens were to be notified of the time and place of their
1
Quihuiri‟s only challenge to the denial of his motion to reopen is that the IJ did
not apply the “reasonable cause” standard for failing to appear at his deportation hearing.
But the “reasonable cause” standard is only applicable to deportation proceedings prior to
June 13, 1992. INA § 242(b), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b) (1992); 57 Fed. Reg. 5180-03 (Feb. 12,
1992). Quihuiri‟s immigration proceedings were not initiated until 1994, so the
“reasonable cause” standard is inapplicable.
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deportation hearings either in person or by certified mail sent to the alien or the alien‟s
counsel of record.” Id. (citing INA § 242B(a)(2)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(2)(A)). An in
absentia order of deportation could have been rescinded by an IJ if the alien filed a
motion to reopen at any time and demonstrated that he did not receive notice. INA
§ 242B(c)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(3) (1994). “Written notice was sufficient if it was
„provided at the most recent address‟ furnished by the alien.” Patel, 639 F.3d at 651
(quoting INA § 242B(c)(1), 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(c)(1)). But actual notice was not required
to satisfy the INA‟s notice requirement when an alien‟s own lack of diligence contributed
to the lack of notice. Patel, 639 F.3d at 652.
As the BIA found, Quihuiri was personally served with the OCS, which contained
the address recorded by the Border Patrol Agent as well as pertinent warnings regarding
how he would be informed of the deportation hearing and the consequences for failing to
appear at the hearing. This information was read to him in his native language of
Spanish. Despite having knowledge that he was subject to a deportation hearing,
Quihuiri neglected to stay apprised of the proceeding for over ten years. Even when
Quihuiri first discovered in 2005 that an in absentia deportation order had been entered
against him in 1994, he failed to contact the IJ or otherwise follow up until 2007, which
is when he filed the motion to reopen. Given Quihuiri‟s lack of diligence, he failed to
demonstrate that he did not receive notice in accordance with INA § 242B(a)(2), 8 U.S.C.
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§ 1252b(a)(2). See Patel, 639 F.3d at 652. Accordingly, the BIA did not abuse its
discretion in affirming the IJ‟s denial of his motion to reopen.
Second, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Quihuiri‟s subsequent
motion to remand. Because the ultimate reliefs requested by Quihuiri – the rescission of
the in absentia order and the adjustment of his status – were discretionary in nature, the
BIA was permitted to deny his motion on the basis that, in the end, Quihuiri would not be
entitled to the discretionary grant of relief.2 See INS v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 105 (1988).
In such cases, the BIA need not consider the threshold issues of whether the petitioner
established a prima facie case for the underlying substantive relief or introduced
previously unavailable, material evidence. See id.The BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to remand, which was
based on a claim that his counsel provided ineffective assistance. Quihuiri admittedly
provided false information in the affidavit accompanying his motion to reopen. The
doctrine of falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus supports an inference that Quihuiri, who
willfully falsified one document, was not credible as to other evidence, including his
subsequent affidavit claiming ineffective assistance. Cf. Qin Wen Zheng v. Gonzales, 500
F.3d 143, 147 (2d Cir. 2007); Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 170 (2d Cir. 2007) (“An
IJ may, either expressly or impliedly, rely on falsus in uno to discredit evidence that does
2
Although this principle applies to motions to reopen, we treat a motion to remand
while an appeal is pending, which is the case here, as a motion to reopen because a
remand necessarily requires the proceedings to be reopened. See Korytnyuk v. Ashcroft,
396 F.3d 272, 282 (3d Cir. 2005).
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not benefit from corroboration or authentication independent of the petitioner‟s own
credibility.”). We also find no support for the proposition that his attorney‟s alleged
advice to mislead the Immigration Court necessarily excuses Quihuiri‟s ultimate decision
to knowingly provide false information in an affidavit taken under oath. Thus, we cannot
say that the BIA‟s exercise of its broad discretion here was “arbitrary, irrational, or
contrary to law.” Korytnyuk, 396 F.3d at 293. This is especially true where finality of
the litigation is strongly favored, as is the case with immigration proceedings. See INS v.
Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 323 (1992).
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, we will deny Quihuiri‟s petition for review.
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