SCPH Legacy Corporation v. Palmetto Health

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 17-1384
SCPH LEGACY CORPORATION; POD LEGACY LLC,
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
v.
PALMETTO HEALTH; PRACTICE PARTNERS IN HEALTHCARE INC.;
LARRY D. TAYLOR; W. RYAN HALL; MATTHEW FRICK; DAVID L. PACE,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at
Columbia. Joseph F. Anderson, Jr., Senior District Judge. (3:16-cv-02863-JFA)
Argued: May 8, 2018 Decided: June 4, 2018
Before NIEMEYER, MOTZ, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished opinion. Judge Niemeyer wrote the opinion, in which Judge
Motz and Judge Floyd joined.
ARGUED: Henry L. Parr, Jr., WYCHE, P.A., Greenville, South Carolina, for
Appellants. Stuart M. Gerson, EPSTEIN BECKER & GREEN, P.C., Washington, D.C.,
for Appellees. ON BRIEF: John C. Moylan, III, Columbia, South Carolina, Wade S.
Kolb, III, Christopher B. Schoen, WYCHE, P.A., Greenville, South Carolina, for
Appellants. C. Frederick W. Manning II, J. Hagood Tighe, Christina L. Rogers, FISHER
& PHILLIPS, LLP, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees W. Ryan Hall, Matthew
Frick, and David L. Pace. Thornwell F. Sowell, III, Monteith P. Todd, Bess J. DuRant,
SOWELL GRAY ROBINSON STEPP & LAFFITTE, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina,
for Appellees Practice Partners in Healthcare, Inc. and Larry D. Taylor. Celeste T. Jones,
Jane W. Trinkley, MCNAIR LAW FIRM, P.A., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellee
Palmetto Health.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2
NIEMEYER, Circuit Judge:
SCPH Legacy Corporation and POD Legacy, LLC (collectively, “Providence
Hospital”) commenced this antitrust action against Palmetto Health and three of its
employees, among others, alleging that the defendants, in their July 2015 acquisition of
Providence Hospital’s orthopedic surgery business, conspired to eliminate the
competition provided by Providence Hospital and thereby to violate the antitrust laws, as
well as state law.
At its core, Providence Hospital’s lengthy complaint alleges that prior to the
alleged illegal conduct, Providence Hospital and Palmetto Health were competitors in
four counties in South Carolina for the provision of orthopedic surgery services to
residents of those counties. It details how, beginning in 2014, Palmetto Health became
intent on eliminating Providence Hospital’s ability to compete by “attempt[ing] secretly
to acquire Providence’s orthopedic surgery business” and by entering into a conspiracy to
accomplish that end. The complaint alleges further that, in July 2015, Palmetto Health’s
plan succeeded when it hired Providence Hospital’s orthopedic surgeons “en masse” and
acquired their surgery practices. The complaint asserts that Palmetto Health’s actions
“lessened competition for orthopedic surgery services for residents [in] the relevant
markets, denying them the benefits of competition,” and that as a result of the allegedly
illegal conduct, Providence Hospital’s business suffered a reduction in value of $50
million, as represented by the reduction in price that another company was willing to pay
for the acquisition of Providence Hospital in February 2016.
3
The complaint alleges numerous claims for violation of § 4 of the Clayton Act, 15
U.S.C. § 15, as it provides private enforcement of §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, 15
U.S.C. §§ 1 and 2, and § 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18, as well as numerous
claims under South Carolina state tort and contract law.
The district court granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss the complaint under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), dismissing the antitrust claims with prejudice
and the state law claims without prejudice, declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction
over them. In dismissing the antitrust claims, the district court stated:
Taken as true, these allegations support the contention that Providence lost
$50 million when Palmetto Health acquired the Moore Clinic [i.e.,
Providence Hospital’s orthopedic surgery business]. However, this injury
is not the type anti-trust statutes were intended to prevent. “Every merger
of two existing entities into one, whether lawful or unlawful, has the
potential for producing economic readjustments that adversely affect some
persons. But Congress has not condemned mergers on that account; it has
condemned them only when they may produce anticompetitive effects.”
Brunswick [Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc., 429 U.S. 477, 487 (1977)].
Just as in Brunswick, Providence would have suffered the same injury
regardless of who acquired the Moore Clinic. Providence would have lost
its ability to compete and $50 million of assets no matter what organization
acquired the Moore Clinic, or if the Moore Clinic simply removed itself
and operated as an independent orthopedic service provider. Palmetto
Health’s increased size and market presence did not compound or add to
any injury that Providence would have otherwise suffered at the loss of the
Moore Clinic. Here, as in Brunswick, if the merger of the Moore Clinic and
Palmetto Health is unlawful, “it is because they bought a ‘deep pocket’
parent into a market of ‘pygmies.’” Id. at 487. Yet this injury “bears no
relationship to the size of the acquiring company or its competitors.” Id.
Plaintiffs would have suffered an identical “loss” but no compensable
injury had the Moore Clinic been purchased by “shallow pocket” parents.
See id.
4
The district court also concluded that Providence Hospital was not “directly injured” by
the alleged conspiracy so as to give it standing to sue under the antitrust laws. Rather,
health plans, patients, and their employers [would] be those most directly
affected by any antitrust violations. These individuals would be those
directly responsible for paying higher prices in the form of increased
procedural costs and insurance premiums should Palmetto Health’s market
presence allow it to unilaterally raise prices (which, as of now, is a
speculative injury with no factual support).
We have carefully considered the parties’ briefs and oral arguments, as well as the
district court’s opinion, and now affirm substantially for the reasons given by the district
court in its thorough opinion dated February 23, 2017. The antitrust laws “are intended
to protect competition, and not simply competitors,” and thus “only injury caused by
damage to the competitive process may form the basis of an antitrust claim.” Thompson
Everett, Inc. v. Nat’l Cable Advert., L.P., 57 F.3d 1317, 1325 (4th Cir. 1995) (citations
omitted); see also Brunswick, 429 U.S. at 489. No such injury is alleged in the
complaint. Moreover, Providence Hospital does not have standing to sue under the
antitrust laws for the injuries it alleges, as any attendant harm to competition in the
relevant market would be borne most directly by patients and their health plans and
employers, not by Providence Hospital. See Kloth v. Microsoft Corp., 444 F.3d 312, 324
(4th Cir. 2006); see also Assoc. Gen. Contractors v. California State Council of
Carpenters, 459 U.S. 519, 537 (1983).
The judgment of the district court dated February 24, 2017, is accordingly
AFFIRMED.
5