United States v. Steven Nowell

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 19-4097
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
STEVEN NOWELL, a/k/a Occoquan Club,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at
Alexandria. Claude M. Hilton, Senior District Judge. (1:18-cr-00188-CMH-1)
Submitted: October 28, 2019 Decided: November 13, 2019
Before KEENAN and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges, and TRAXLER, Senior Circuit
Judge.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
James W. Hundley, Amy L. Bradley, BRIGLIA HUNDLEY, PC, Tysons Corner, Virginia,
for Appellant. G. Zachary Terwilliger, United States Attorney, Maureen Cain, Assistant
United States Attorney, Aidan Taft Grano, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF
THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
A jury convicted Steven Nowell of two counts of sex trafficking of a minor, 18
U.S.C. § 1591(a)(1), (b)(2), (c) (2012). Pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 33, Nowell moved for
a new trial based on ineffective assistance of trial counsel. After an evidentiary hearing,
the district court denied the motion. Nowell timely appealed. We affirm.
Rule 33 provides that, “[u]pon the defendant’s motion, the court may vacate any
judgment and grant a new trial if the interest of justice so requires.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 33(a).
Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel may be brought as the basis for a motion for
new trial under Rule 33. United States v. Russell, 221 F.3d 615, 619 (4th Cir. 2000).
“Although generally not raised in the district court nor preserved for review on appeal,
ineffective assistance claims asserted in motions under Rule 33—and ruled on by the
district court—may be considered on direct appeal.” Id. We review the denial of such a
motion for abuse of discretion. Id. Rule 33 motions alleging ineffective assistance of
counsel “must satisfy the two-pronged test articulated by the Supreme Court in Strickland
v. Washington, [466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)].” Russell, 221 F.3d at 620. The movant must
show, first, that counsel’s performance was objectively unreasonable in “that counsel made
errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant
by the Sixth Amendment.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. In scrutinizing counsel’s
performance, “a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Id. at 689. Second, the
movant must show that his defense was prejudiced by counsel’s deficient performance. Id.
at 687. To demonstrate prejudice, the movant must show “a reasonable probability that,
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but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Id. at 694. In other words, a movant “must demonstrate that but for counsel’s
errors, there is a reasonable probability that he would not have been convicted.” United
States v. Luck, 611 F.3d 183, 186 (4th Cir. 2010). Where, as here, the district court
conducts an evidentiary hearing prior to ruling, its findings of fact are reviewed for clear
error. United States v. Stitt, 552 F.3d 345, 350 (4th Cir. 2008).
With these standards in mind, we have reviewed the record and the parties’ briefs
and conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Nowell’s Rule
33 motion for a new trial. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment. We
dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately
presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
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