York v. Golden Poultry Co

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
PAUL YORK,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
GOLDEN POULTRY COMPANY,
INCORPORATED, No. 95-2338
Defendant-Appellant,
and
GOLD KIST, INC.,
Defendant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
Malcolm J. Howard, District Judge.
(CA-94-45-5-H)
Argued: January 27, 1997
Decided: February 26, 1997
Before MURNAGHAN, NIEMEYER, and MOTZ, Circuit Judges.
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Reversed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
ARGUED: Lester Neal Ellis, Jr., HUNTON & WILLIAMS, Raleigh,
North Carolina, for Appellant. Ronald Gene Braswell, Glenn A. Bar-
field, BARNES, BRASWELL & HAITHCOCK, P.A., Goldsboro,
North Carolina, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Matthew P. McGuire,
HUNTON & WILLIAMS, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
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OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Here we have a case where we should arrive at the conclusion that
the case should be reversed provided the merits presented in the
instant appeal are properly before the court. Accordingly, we must
first consider the question of whether the issue on the merits can be
addressed at all. Paul York operated for 18 years in several counties
of North Carolina as a sales agent for the Golden Poultry Company
or its predecessor, Gold Kist, Inc. The agreement covering the rela-
tionship was oral. A time came when York would not agree to an
alteration in the commission terms applicable to his sales and there-
upon Golden Poultry terminated the arrangement. In response, York
claimed breach of contract by Golden Poultry, which led to the instant
suit. The arrangement, however, called for York to be able to termi-
nate the agreement at any time. Moreover, the arrangement allowed
for York to continue to work for Golden Poultry if he wished for his
lifetime. Under Tuttle v. Kernersville Lumber Co., 139 S.E.2d 249(N.C. 1964), and McMurry v. Cochrane Furniture Co., 425 S.E.2d
735 (N.C. App. 1993), North Carolina law made the arrangement
between York and Golden Poultry accordingly terminable at will and
judgment, if the merits may be considered, would result in a judgment
in favor of Golden Poultry, reversing the district court judgment for
York.
Golden Poultry first raised the issue of whether the contract was
terminable at will in its pretrial motion for summary judgment. The
district court denied Golden Poultry's motion, and the case proceeded
to a jury trial which resulted in a verdict of $597,199.77 for York. As
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a result, Golden Poultry appealed. Golden Poultry, however, framed
its appeal as an appeal of the denial of its pretrial motion for summary
judgment, rather than an appeal from the district court's denial of
Golden Poultry's motion for judgment as a matter of law at the con-
clusion of the trial. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 50.
The Fourth Circuit holds, as do most of the other circuits, that a
motion for summary judgment if denied can normally not be mean-
ingfully appealed if a trial has followed such denial of the motion for
summary judgment. Chesapeake Paper Prods. Co. v. Stone & Web-
ster Eng'g Corp., 51 F.3d 1229 (4th Cir. 1995) (reviewing a Rule 50
decision is based on the complete trial record and not the incomplete
pretrial record available at summary judgment). The reasoning behind
the court's reluctance to review following trial the denial of a pretrial
motion for summary judgment is that the case having moved on by
trial before a jury is no longer in the same posture as the case was
when the trial court ruled upon the motion for summary judgment.
Facts may have been introduced rendering the question a different one
at the conclusion of the trial than the question confronting the court
at the motion for summary judgment stage. "It makes no sense what-
ever to reverse a judgment on the verdict where the trial evidence was
sufficient merely because at summary judgment it was not." Black v.
J.I. Case Co., 22 F.3d 568, 572 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___,
115 S.Ct. 579, 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994).
Here, however, York, in responding to Golden Poultry's appeal,
did not make the contention that the issue which Golden Poultry
sought to raise was not properly preserved. Instead, York proceeded
to treat the case as Golden Poultry did briefing several issues, and
arguing both issues before the court. York in making those arguments
in no way added to the facts introduced at trial in any sufficient man-
ner to make inapplicable the terminable at will characteristic of the
parties' arrangement. The same rule on the merits should therefore
control. Moreover, it would appear that York has estopped himself
from contending that Golden Poultry could not argue on the very
points which York chose to argue. The contention that the summary
judgment motion could not be repeated on appeal following a jury
trial (a motion for judgment as a matter of law being the proper one
to file) was effectively waived by York or at least constituted harm-
less error. The error of misuse of terminology in the appeal that Gol-
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den Poultry took was rendered harmless by the parties acting as if a
correct appeal had been taken.
In Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178 (1962), the Supreme Court
addressed the consequences of the appellant's failure to specify a par-
ticular judgment in a notice of appeal. The Supreme Court held that
courts could overlook such a defect as long as the faulty notice "did
not mislead or prejudice" the appellee. Id. at 181. In reaching that
conclusion, the Court stated:
It is too late in the day and entirely contrary to the spirit of
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for decisions on the
merits to be avoided on the basis of . . . mere technicalities.
"The Federal Rules reject the approach that pleading is a
game of skill in which one misstep by counsel may be deci-
sive to the outcome and accept the principle that the purpose
of pleading is to facilitate a proper decision on the merits."
Id. at 181-82 (quoting Conley v. Gibson , 355 U.S. 41, 48 (1957)).
In applying that principle, several courts of appeal have held that
an error in designating the issue appealed will not result in a loss of
appeal as long as "the intent to appeal a specific judgment can be
fairly inferred and the appellee is not prejudiced by the mistake."
Lynn v. Sheet Metal Workers' Int'l Ass'n, 804 F.2d 1472, 1481 (9th
Cir. 1986) (quoting United States v. One 1977 Mercedes Benz, 708
F.2d 444 (9th Cir. 1983)); Badger Pharmacal, Inc. v. Colgate-
Palmolive Co., 1 F.3d 621, 625-26 (7th Cir. 1993). In determining
whether "intent" and "prejudice" exist, courts have examined
"whether the affected party had notice of the issue on appeal; and . . .
whether the affected party had an opportunity to fully brief the issue."
Lynn, 804 F.2d at 1481. Courts also have held that when the appellant
addresses the merits of a particular issue in its opening brief, "this is
enough to demonstrate that the appellee had notice of the issue and
did not suffer prejudice . . . ." Levald, Inc. v. City of Palm Desert, 998
F.2d 680, 691 (9th Cir. 1993).
Accordingly, we believe that while the rule of Chesapeake Paper
remains normally in effect, it is inapplicable in the circumstances of
the case presented. Consequently, we adopt the rule which, on the
4
merits, clearly should apply and direct a reversal of the judgment in
York's favor.*
The judgment is, accordingly,
REVERSED.
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*It is, consequently, unnecessary to consider the other argument which
Golden Poultry sought to rely on, namely, that the arrangements under
which it operated with York were purely oral and, accordingly, trans-
gressed the statute of frauds.
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