United States v. Rea

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 96-4962
WILLIAM STEVE REA,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the
Western District of Virginia, at Lynchburg.
Samuel G. Wilson, Chief District Judge.
(CR-96-21-L)
Submitted: December 9, 1997
Decided: December 24, 1997
Before WIDENER, HALL, and HAMILTON,
Circuit Judges.
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Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
Philip B. Baker, JOSEPH A. SANZONE ASSOCIATES, P.C.,
Lynchburg, Virginia, for Appellant. Robert P. Crouch, Jr., United
States Attorney, Thomas L. Eckert, Assistant United States Attorney,
Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
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OPINION
PER CURIAM:
William Steve Rea appeals his convictions on two counts of pos-
session of stolen mail, 18 U.S.C.A. § 1708 (West Supp. 1997). On
appeal, Rea contests two of the district court's evidentiary rulings. We
affirm.
I
Rea was a postal carrier who stole a number of credit cards and
automated teller machine (ATM) cards that the issuers of those cards
recently had placed in the mail. Rea and his girlfriend, Leola Helton
Murphree, used the cards to buy merchandise or to obtain cash, then
discarded the cards. Among the cards stolen were those issued to L.
Thomas Barber and Donna Crouch. Rea used the Barber card to pur-
chase goods and the Crouch ATM card to obtain $100 in cash.
II
The Crouch incident came to light when she complained to her
bank that her bank statement reflected an ATM withdrawal that she
had not made. In fact, Crouch never had received the ATM card,
which had been mailed to the bank branch that she patronized. A vid-
eotape of the transaction was located, and still photographs were
made from the videotape. The videotape subsequently was lost. At
trial, the photographs were introduced into evidence over Rea's objec-
tions. A postal employee identified Rea as the person making the
withdrawal.
Rea contends that the district court erred when it admitted the pho-
tographs. He asserts that his defense was prejudiced because the jury
should have seen the entire tape, instead of only twelve photographs
selected by the prosecution. We review the district court's evidentiary
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rulings for an abuse of discretion. See United States v. Moore, 27 F.3d
969, 974 (4th Cir. 1994). A still photographic image made from a vid-
eotape is a duplicate within the meaning of Fed. R. Evid. 1001(4). See
United States v. Perry, 925 F.2d 1077, 1082 (8th Cir. 1991). As such,
still photographs are admissible unless there is a genuine question as
to the authenticity of the original or it would be unfair under the cir-
cumstances to admit the photographs instead of the original. Fed. R.
Evid. 1003. Authenticity of the original videotape is not at issue in
this case. And we discern no unfairness in admitting the photographs.
Had the entire videotape been introduced, the prosecution would have
focused on those portions tending to prove that Rea was the person
using the Crouch card. This is precisely what the prosecution accom-
plished by using the still photographs.
Additionally, even if still photographs are not duplicates of the vid-
eotape, they constitute "other evidence" of its contents. Because there
is no suggestion that the videotape was lost or destroyed in bad faith,
the still photographs were admissible. See Fed. R. Evid. 1004(1).
III
Rea also contends that the district court incorrectly ruled that the
defense could not introduce into evidence a letter written by Milo
Helton, Murphree's former husband, to Rea's mother. In the letter,
Helton allegedly threatened to expose Rea's wrongdoing unless Rea
paid Helton for his silence. Murphree was a key prosecution witness,
and defense counsel hoped to introduce the letter in an attempt to
show her complicity in Helton's scheme.
The district court refused to permit the introduction of the letter,
but allowed defense counsel to inquire of Murphree whether she knew
about the letter and to ask her questions relating to any prejudice or
bias. The district court's ruling was not an abuse of discretion. There
was no evidence tying Murphree to the letter or to Helton's demand
for money. The letter was irrelevant and inadmissible, as the district
court found.
IV
We accordingly affirm the convictions. We dispense with oral
argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately set
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forth in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the
decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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