Anderson v. County of Kershaw

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
SHELBY M. ANDERSON; DEVON C.
BAIRD; FRANKIE LEE BOAN, JR.;
PATRICK G. BOONE; JERRY WOODROW
BROWN; MARVIN L. BROWN; ROBERT L.
BROWN; FERRIS EDWARD CATOE, III;
KIRK E. CORLEY; DANIEL S. DABNEY;
DAVID WILLIAM DAVIS; J. DOWEY, JR.;
CHERRIE M. GRIGGS; GLENN HOPPLE;
RANDALL CRAIG HUDSON; VIRGINIA H.
HUDSON; THOMAS JEFF JACKSON, JR.;
STEVEN KNAFELC; GLENN MARTIN;
FRANK G. MCLEOD, JR.; JERE T. MILES;
JAMES L. MILLER; TODD HOWELL
MOZINGO; MARSHALL M. MINICH;
ANDREW S. MORRIS; WARREN MOSELEY;
WILLIAM G. MOSELEY; JESSE LAMAR
POPE; VIRGIL L. REAMES; SYLVESTA
No. 97-2601
ROBINSON; DAVID THOMLEY; JAMES E.
THOMLEY; ERIC N. TISDALE; CHARLES
WHITE; HAMPTON WRIGHT; LYNDON
ALEXANDER; DONALD FARROW; KELLY
JOHNSON; JOHN C. TOLLISON; JAMES G.
ROBINSON; H. RAY RUTLEDGE,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
STEPHEN D. VINCENT,
Plaintiff,
v.
COUNTY OF KERSHAW; JERRY L.
HORTON, former Sheriff of Kershaw
County; STEVE MCCASKILL, as current
Sheriff of Kershaw County,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of South Carolina, at Columbia.
Matthew J. Perry, Jr., Senior District Judge.
(CA-95-4019-10-3)
Argued: October 29, 1998
Decided: February 8, 1999
Before WILKINSON, Chief Judge, WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge,
and THORNBURG, United States District Judge for the
Western District of North Carolina, sitting by designation.
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Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
ARGUED: Michael Kurt Kendree, LAW OFFICES OF WILLIAM
STUART DUNCAN, P.A., Georgetown, South Carolina, for Appel-
lants. Stephen Terry Savitz, GIGNILLIAT, SAVITZ & BETTIS,
Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: William Stu-
art Duncan, Joe M. Crosby, LAW OFFICES OF WILLIAM STUART
DUNCAN, P.A., Georgetown, South Carolina, for Appellants. Linda
Pearce Edwards, GIGNILLIAT, SAVITZ & BETTIS, Columbia,
South Carolina, for Appellees.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Forty-two current and former deputy sheriffs of Kershaw County,
South Carolina, brought suit challenging the legality of their half-time
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overtime premiums paid pursuant to a "fluctuating workweek" sched-
ule, 29 C.F.R. § 778.114. Specifically, plaintiffs alleged that they
lacked the required "clear mutual understanding" that their salary was
compensation for all hours worked. Because we find that such an
understanding sprang from a decade of consistent practice, we affirm
the district court's grant of summary judgment for the defendants.
I.
The deputies were paid by the County pursuant to a compensation
plan implemented in 1986 to meet the demands of the Fair Labor
Standards Act (FLSA), 29 U.S.C. § 207, in the wake of the Supreme
Court's decision in Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit
Authority, 469 U.S. 528 (1985). The County's plan provided for a
"fluctuating workweek" salary plan whereby the deputies were paid
a fixed salary for all hours worked. The plan also provided for the
payment of half-time overtime when the officers worked more than
171 hours in a 28 day period. See 29 C.F.R.§ 553.230(b) (permitting
a 28 day work period for law enforcement officers). The deputies
received compensation at one-half their hourly rate for each hour
worked in excess of 171.*
The deputies were consistently paid under the terms of the fluctuat-
ing workweek pay plan since its adoption. They were told their salary
and received it in full whether they worked more or less than 171
hours. The deputies also knew they received compensation for over-
_________________________________________________________________
*Under the fluctuating workweek plan, the hourly rate will vary from
week to week depending upon the actual number of hours worked. For
example, assume that a deputy's salary is $1810 per 28 day period and
the deputy receives overtime premiums after 171 hours. If the employee
works 181 hours, he will receive half-time premiums for 10 hours of
overtime. To calculate the hourly rate, the salary is divided by the num-
ber of hours actually worked. Here, $1810 is divided by 181 hours, yield-
ing an hourly rate of $10. The overtime premium is thus one-half of $10,
or $5 per hour of overtime. If, however, the deputy works 191 hours, the
premium is reduced. The hourly rate is now $1810 divided by 191, or
about $9.48. The half-time premium is thus $4.74. The overtime pre-
mium is inversely proportional to the number of overtime hours worked.
See generally 29 C.F.R. § 778.114.
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time. No written explanation of the method of calculating overtime
payments, however, was provided to the deputy sheriffs until Decem-
ber 8, 1995. Nonetheless, the deputies were aware of the premiums,
and some frequently complained about the amount of the premiums,
especially the fact that the premium decreased as overtime increased.
The deputies filed suit on December 22, 1995, against the County,
the former Sheriff, Jerry L. Horton, and the current Sheriff, Steve
McCaskill. The deputies challenged the legality of the plan under the
FLSA. Specifically, they asserted that they did not have the requisite
"clear mutual understanding" that they were to receive a fixed weekly
salary regardless of the number of hours worked. 29 C.F.R.
§ 778.114(a). Without such an understanding, the County was
required to pay overtime premiums of one and one-half their hourly
rate for all overtime hours worked. See FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 207. The
deputies sought monetary and injunctive relief. After discovery, the
parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The district court
found no factual basis in the record for the deputies' allegations.
Forty-one of the deputy sheriffs appeal.
II.
Under the FLSA, an employer may use a fluctuating workweek pay
plan so that it can "place workers on a variable schedule tailored to
the nature of their work without incurring prohibitive overtime costs
for weeks in which the hours are the longest." Griffin v. Wake County,
142 F.3d 712, 714 (4th Cir. 1998). The prerequisites to using this
compensation method are set forth in 29 C.F.R. § 778.114. Among
them, the employer and employee must have "a clear mutual under-
standing . . . that the fixed salary is compensation (apart from over-
time premiums) for the hours worked each workweek, whatever their
number, rather than for working 40 hours or some other fixed weekly
work period." 29 C.F.R. § 778.114(a). In other words, "the employer
and the employee must have a clear, mutual understanding that the
employer will pay the employee the fixed weekly salary regardless of
the hours worked." Flood v. New Hanover County, 125 F.3d 249, 252
(4th Cir. 1997).
The deputies assert that they believed that their fixed salary com-
pensated them for all regularly scheduled hours and not, as the regula-
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tion requires, for all hours worked. They note that they never received
a written explanation of their pay plan. They also argue that Kershaw
County's evidence -- that the deputy sheriffs consistently received
paychecks using the half-time method of overtime compensation --
is insufficient. Thus, the deputies argue that section 778.114(a)'s
"clear mutual understanding" requirement was not met and the
County was not entitled to compensate its employees under the fluctu-
ating workweek plan.
We disagree. In Griffin v. Wake County, this court held that an
employer could meet the burden of establishing a clear mutual under-
standing in several ways. Although in that case the employer distrib-
uted a written memorandum explaining the pay plan, we noted that
the county's consistent administration of the plan provided an addi-
tional way to demonstrate the existence of such an understanding.
[W]e [cannot] overlook the fact that[the] County imple-
mented the fluctuating workweek plan nearly eight years
ago. In these eight years the [plaintiffs] have not identified
a single instance of the County paying [a plaintiff] less than
his full salary for a week in which he performed any regular
work. Thus, since 1990, the [plaintiffs] have received a reg-
ular lesson -- in the form of their paychecks-- about how
the fluctuating workweek plan operates. This circuit noted
in Monahan v. County of Chesterfield that"an employer can
also demonstrate the existence of this clear mutual under-
standing from employment policies, practices, and proce-
dures." 95 F.3d 1263, 1275 n.12 (4th Cir. 1996). The
[plaintiffs] lived with the fluctuating workweek plan for
nearly six years before filing this lawsuit in 1996. Thus, "it
is clear from [the plaintiffs'] actions that[they] understood
the payment plan in spite of after-the-fact verbal contentions
otherwise." Id. at 1281 n.21.
Griffin, 142 F.3d at 716-17.
The circumstances relied upon by the court in Griffin are present
here in stronger form. The deputy sheriffs knew their annual salary.
For an entire decade before filing suit, the County consistently paid
them their full salary for each work period, whether their actual hours
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worked fell above or below 171 hours. Additionally, the deputies
accepted a check every two weeks for the same non-fluctuating base
amount. They also received half-time overtime for all hours worked
over 171. Thus, like the employees in Griffin , they "have received a
regular lesson -- in the form of their paychecks-- about how the
fluctuating workweek plan operates." Id.This lesson appears to have been learned. In their depositions, the
deputies frequently admitted knowing the details of their compensa-
tion package, including their annual salary and that their overtime
premiums decreased with the number of hours worked. Because a
decade of invariable practice gave rise to a clear mutual understand-
ing that the deputies would receive their full salary without regard to
the hours actually worked, the judgment of the district court is hereby
AFFIRMED.
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