United States v. McCarver

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
_________________
No. 98-11410
Summary Calendar
_________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
CHARLES MCCARVER,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Texas
(3:98-CR-112-3-P)
October 6, 1999
Before DAVIS, EMILIO M. GARZA, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Appellant Charles McCarver, appearing pro se, appeals his guilty-plea conviction for
conspiracy to possess cocaine, cocaine base, and heroin with intent to distribute, in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). We affirm the judgment of the district court.
Under the terms of McCarver’s plea agreement, the government agreed to dismiss the
remaining counts of the indictment and not to prosecute McCarver for any other offense arising out
of the conduct in the factual resume. The agreed-upon factual resume stated that McCarver
participated in a conspiracy to distribute cocaine and heroin but made no mention of crack cocaine.
The presentence report (“PSR”) attributed to McCarver various quantities of heroin, cocaine, and
crack co caine and recommended a sentence between 135 and 168 months. The district court
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
sentenced McCarver to 168 months imprisonment. McCarver now appeals his conviction and
sentence.
McCarver first claims that the government breached sections 9 and 12 of the plea agreement
when it included information about McCarver’s possession and/or sale of crack cocaine in the PSR.
Because McCarver raises this issue for the first time on appeal, we review the alleged violations for
plain error. See United States v. Cerverizzo, 74 F.3d 629, 631 (5th Cir. 1996).
Section 9 of the plea agreement provided, in part, that:
Except as otherwise provided herein, the United States Attorney for the Northern
District of Texas agrees further not to prosecute the defendant for any other offense
arising out of the conduct described in the factual resume.
McCarver contends that because the factual resume only refers to cocaine and heroine, the
government’s inclusion of crack cocaine in the PSR violated § 9. McCarver further avers that
because crack cocaine was not included in the factual resume, it was not part of his guilty plea.
McCarver’s argument overlooks the fact that the factual resume is just one part of a plea agreement
in which he already pleaded guilty to a count of possession with intent to distribute cocaine, heroine,
and crack cocaine. Consequently, any crack attributable to McCarver is relevant to the sentence to
be imposed for pleading guilty to the charged conduct.
Even if McCarver’s conviction was, as he argues, only for conspiracy to possess cocaine and
heroine, including his possession or distribution of crack cocaine in the PSR is not a “prosecution”
and therefore is not a breach of § 9 of the plea agreement. See United States v. Hoster, 988 F.2d
1374, 1378 (5th Cir. 1993) (including uncharged drugs as offense conduct in PSR did not violate
agreement not to prosecute defendant for additional offenses); United States v. Kinder, 946 F.2d 362,
367 (5th Cir. 1991) ; United States v. Rodriguez, 925 F.2d 107, 112 (5th Cir. 1991) (“The prosecutor
merely agreed not to prosecute [defendant] for these offenses, not to withhold facts from the court.”).
Section 12 of the plea agreements provides as follows:
The defendant, Charles McCarver, has reviewed the Factual Resume in this case and
agrees that the information contained therein is true and correct and agrees that it will
be submitted to the Court as evidence and agrees that the facts set forth herein may
be considered by the Court in determining what sentence to impose.
-2-
McCarver claims that the government violated this section of the agreement by providing the
probation department with information about his possession and sale of crack cocaine. Section 12
is permissive rather than rest rictive. It permits the court to consider the information in the factual
resume, but says nothing about the facts upon which the sentence can be based. The government’s
submission of information concerning McCarver’s sale of crack cocaine did not implicate §12 of the
agreement. Since McCarver has failed to demonstrate that the government breached either §9 or §12
of the plea agreement, he cannot show plain error.
Next, McCarver argues that his guilty plea was not voluntary because the district court failed
to adequately inform him of the elements of the offense to which he was pleading guilty. We review
a Rule 11 challenge under a harmless error standard. See United States v. Johnson, 1 F.3d 296 (5th
Cir. 1993).
Rule 11(c)(1) requires that prior to accepting a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the court
must personally inform the defendant of and determine whether he understands the nature of the
charges to which the plea is offered. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(c)(1). Where the elements of the
crime are clear from the indictment or the factual resume, a complete review of these documents in
the presence of the defendant is sufficient to inform the defendant of the nature of the charges. See
United States v. Green, 882 F.2d 999, 1005 (5th Cir. 1989) (“For simple charges . . . a reading of the
indictment, followed by an opportunity given the defendant to ask questions about it will usually
suffice . . .. In the case of charges of extreme complexity, an explanation of the elements of the
offense like that given the jury in its instructions may be required; this, of course, is the outer limit.”)
(quoting United States v. Dayton, 604 F.2d 931, 938 (5th Cir. 1979)). Here, the district court
requested that the prosecutor read the pertinent portions of the indictment and the factual resume at
the Rule 11 colloquy. The description of the offense in both documents contained all of the elements
of a narcotics conspiracy. McCarver confirmed that he understood the nature of the charges. The
district court’s actions satisfy the requirements of Rule 11(c)(1).
McCarver also contends that his conviction was invalid because the government failed to
-3-
provide an adequate factual basis from which to conclude that he committed the charged offense.
See Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(f). An indictment, if sufficiently specific, can constitute an adequate factual
basis for a guilty plea. See United States v. Hinojosa-Lopez, 130 F.3d 691, 695 (5th Cir.1997).
Since McCarver’s indictment contained detailed information about the specific acts that constituted
the charged conspiracy, McCarver has failed to demonstrate that the district court clearly erred in its
determination that a factual basis sufficient to support his guilty plea existed. See United States v.
Adams, 961 F.2d 505, 509 (5th Cir. 1992)
Finally, McCarver alleges two errors in calculating his sentence: (1) that there was insufficient
proof to support the quantity of drugs attributed to him; and (2) that his sentence was improperly
enhanced for the use of a juvenile. McCarver knowingly and willingly waived his right to appeal
these issues in the written and signed plea agreement. See United States v. Melancon, 972 F.2d 566,
567 (5th Cir. 1997); United States v. Portillo, 18 F.3d 290, 292-93 (5th Cir. 1994). At the plea
colloquy, the district court specifically explained to McCarver that the plea agreement provided that
he was waiving his right to appeal his sentence. Consequently, McCarver is barred from raising these
sentencing issues in the present appeal.
Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. Because the district court has
already granted McCarver permission to appear pro se in this appeal, McCarver’s motion to proceed
pro se is DENIED as unnecessary. His motion to file a reply brief out of time is DENIED. See Fed.
R. App. P. 31(a); 5th Cir. R. 31.4.1.
-4-