Richard Hollyfield v. Jack Hurst

Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 1 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
United States Court of Appeals
No. 19-30483
Fifth Circuit
FILED
Summary Calendar December 10, 2019
Lyle W. Cayce
RICHARD HOLLYFIELD, Clerk
Plaintiff–Appellant,
v.
JACK HURST; PORCHEA JACKSON, incorrectly named as Nurse Jackson;
JUSTIN DEVILLE,
Defendants–Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Louisiana
USDC No. 2:17-CV-84
Before OWEN, Chief Judge, and SOUTHWICK and WILLETT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Richard Hollyfield sued the medical staff at Allen Correctional Center
(ACC) under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in connection with the care he received at that
facility. He asserted that deliberate medical indifference resulted in violations
of the Eighth Amendment. He also sued under Louisiana law, asserting a
negligence claim for failing to provide reasonable medical care. The district
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
1
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 2 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
court granted summary judgment to the medical staff on both claims. We
affirm.
I
In May 2016, following hernia surgery repair, a medical resident at the
University of New Orleans Hospital allegedly crushed Hollyfield’s scrotum.
Hollyfield was then transferred to the Elayn Hunt Correctional Center (EHCC)
medical unit. The physicians at EHCC ordered Hollyfield a scrotal support
device; they also checked to see if he had received the nerve block ordered by
his surgeon. On May 31, 2016, Hollyfield arrived at ACC.
ACC’s medical staff discontinued the Neurontin prescribed by
Hollyfield’s surgeon even though Hollyfield repeatedly complained of pain and
requested that the staff follow his surgeon’s orders. Medical staff also initially
supplied Hollyfield with a different scrotal support device than originally
prescribed by his surgeon. Hollyfield requested to be moved to a dormitory
closer to the cafeteria and pill station because of the pain he experienced from
walking. Hollyfield lived in one of the dormitories farthest from the cafeteria,
roughly one-third of a mile away. ACC physician Jack Hurst and ACC health
services administrator Justin Deville refused this request. Hurst allegedly
told Hollyfield he “would have more than just his nuts hurting” if he brought
it up again. Hollyfield’s request for a wheelchair was also denied.
Hollyfield attended several sick calls through the beginning of June
because of his testicular pain. But he alleges that Hurst and Nurse Porchea
Jackson failed to give him adequate medical treatment and at times refused to
see him at all. He recounts that Hurst mocked him. For instance, Hurst wrote
that Hollyfield’s “sideshow behavior is worthy of [a] Hollywood Oscar.”
Hollyfield alleges that on June 8th, he had other inmates help him to his
unit captain’s office. Hollyfield told his unit captain about the testicular injury
2
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 3 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
and the pain incurred from having to walk so far to both the cafeteria and
medical services. Hollyfield then showed the unit captain his injury.
According to Hollyfield, the unit captain called someone and told them that he,
the captain, suspected internal bleeding. That person came to the unit
captain’s office with a wheelchair and took Hollyfield to the area where medical
attention was to be provided. Nonetheless, Hollyfield maintains that Hurst
and Jackson refused to treat his pain or otherwise provide him needed medical
attention for the rest of the time that Hurst and Jackson were at the facility.
Hollyfield’s unit captain did have Hollyfield moved into the medical tier, right
next to the cafeteria and pill station. Hollyfield continued to file complaints
about his lack of medical care.
Hollyfield’s medical records paint a different picture of his treatment.
The medical records reflect that the medical staff provided Hollyfield
significant treatment and care. For instance, the records show that he was
assessed by Hurst on May 31st and June 2nd. As a result of those assessments,
Hurst created a chronic care treatment plan for Hollyfield, which included a
referral to psychiatry. This referral resulted in prescriptions to treat
Hollyfield’s post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Although Hurst
discontinued Hollyfield’s Neurontin prescription, Hurst renewed half a dozen
other medications for Hollyfield, including Flanax for pain relief. Hurst
prescribed a scrotal support device—though different from the one ordered by
Hollyfield’s surgeon—which Hollyfield filled on June 4th. The medical staff
also prescribed new medications to Hollyfield, including a 30-day course of
Naprosyn for pain relief on June 8th. Hollyfield appears to have been refusing
some of his medications in response to changes in those medications. On June
9th, the medical staff performed chest X-rays, which showed “no acute
abnormalities.” In response to another sick call on June 30th, Hollyfield was
3
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 4 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
given Tylenol and ice packs. Jackson recommended Amitriptyline for
Hollyfield’s pain on July 5th, which was approved on July 11th. Hurst’s
employment with ACC was terminated on July 5, 2016. Accordingly, Hurst’s
overlap with Hollyfield at ACC was roughly one month.
Following the termination of Hurst’s employment, a nurse examined
Hollyfield. The nurse noted swelling to one of Hollyfield’s testicles, ordered a
course of Motrin, and referred him to the new physician, Dr. Eric Chatman, for
an evaluation. Chapman granted Hollyfield’s request for the scrotal support
device ordered by Hollyfield’s surgeon, ordered a urology consultation, and
prescribed another course of Naprosyn. After Hollyfield made additional sick
calls, Chatman noted that treatment options were limited at ACC and
discussed the possibility of a medical transfer with Hollyfield. Hollyfield was
then taken to EHCC, where he received a consultation with the surgical clinic
on August 8th and a course of new pain relievers. Afterwards, Hollyfield was
permanently transferred to Robert LaSalle Correctional Center in September
2016.
Hollyfield exhausted his administrative remedies against Hurst,
Jackson, and Deville and then sued in federal district court. The three
defendants moved for summary judgment, which was granted by the district
court. This appeal followed.
II
This court reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de
novo, applying the same standards as the district court. 1 Summary judgment
is appropriate only when the “movant shows that there is no genuine dispute
as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of
1Prospect Capital Corp. v. Mut. of Omaha Bank, 819 F.3d 754, 756-57 (5th Cir. 2016); Hagen
v. Aetna Ins. Co., 808 F.3d 1022, 1026 (5th Cir. 2015).
4
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 5 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
law.” 2 In reviewing the presence of a genuine material dispute, this court
considers “all of the evidence in the record but refrain[s] from making
credibility determinations or weighing the evidence.” 3 The court considers the
evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, drawing all
reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmovant. 4 If there are any genuine
disputes of material fact, summary judgment must be denied. 5 In reviewing
grants of summary judgment, this court is “not limited to the district court’s
reasons for its grant of summary judgment and may affirm the district court’s
summary judgment on any ground raised below and supported by the record.” 6
III
Hollyfield claims he is entitled to damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983
because the medical care he received from the medical staff at ACC was so
deficient that it violated his rights under the Eighth Amendment. When state-
prison medical staff are deliberately indifferent to a prisoner’s medical needs,
they violate the Eighth Amendment, which can give rise to a claim for damages
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 7 A prison official acts with deliberate indifference only
if he both (1) “knows that inmates face a substantial risk of serious harm” and,
(2) “disregards that risk by failing to take reasonable measures to abate it.” 8
To prove this second element, a plaintiff must show that the prison official
2 FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a).
3 Delta & Pine Land Co. v. Nationwide Agribusiness Ins. Co., 530 F.3d 395, 398-99 (5th Cir.
2008).
4 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986); Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d
1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994).
5 Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255.
6 Hemphill v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 805 F.3d 535, 538 (5th Cir. 2015) (citation
omitted).
7 Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05 (1976); see also Brown v. Plata, 563 U.S. 493, 511
(2011) (“A prison that deprives prisoners of basic sustenance, including adequate medical
care, is incompatible with the concept of human dignity and has no place in civilized
society.”).
8 Jones v. Tex. Dep’t of Criminal Justice, 880 F.3d 756, 759 (5th Cir. 2018) (quoting Farmer
v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 847 (1994)).
5
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 6 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
“refused to treat him, ignored his complaints, intentionally treated him
incorrectly, or engaged in any similar conduct that would clearly evince a
wanton disregard for any serious medical needs.” 9 “Unsuccessful medical
treatment, acts of negligence, or medical malpractice do not constitute
deliberate indifference, nor does a prisoner’s disagreement with his medical
treatment, absent exceptional circumstances.” 10
Here, although Hollyfield alleges that medical staff at ACC refused to
provide adequate treatment and ignored complaints, his medical records
indicate otherwise. Specifically, Hurst and Jackson prescribed various pain
medications, supplied Hollyfield with an athletic supporter, performed an x-
ray, referred him to a psychiatrist, created a chronic pain treatment plan, and
provided him with ice packs. Although these treatments may or may not have
been the best course of action for treating Hollyfield’s testicular pain, they
show that Hurst and Jackson were at least not ignoring his medical complaints
and were not refusing to treat him. In fact, on a day where Hollyfield alleged
that Hurst refused to treat his pain adequately, the medical records reflect that
Hurst had seen Hollyfield and prescribed Naprosyn for his pain.
Rude or insensitive behavior towards prisoners is disgraceful conduct,
but it does not alone rise to the level of deliberate indifference. 11 Moreover,
“mere threatening language and gestures” by prison staff, while inappropriate,
do not alone violate the Eighth Amendment. 12 Here, although Hurst may have
made several rude and insensitive remarks, they do not illustrate deliberate
indifference when Hollyfield was also receiving medical treatment. Similarly,
9 Id. (quoting Domino v. Tex. Dep’t of Criminal Justice, 239 F.3d 752, 755 (5th Cir. 2001)).
10 Gobert v. Caldwell, 463 F.3d 339, 346 (5th Cir. 2006).
11 Atkins v. Lofton, 373 Fed. App’x 472, 473 n.1 (5th Cir. 2010); see also Brown v. Plata, 563
U.S. 493, 510 (2011) (“Prisoners retain the essence of human dignity inherent in all
persons.”).
12 Robertson v. Plano City of Tex., 70 F.3d 21, 24 (5th Cir. 1995) (citation omitted).
6
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 7 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
although Hurst allegedly told Hollyfield he “would have more than just his
nuts hurting” if he brought up moving dormitories again, this threat, by itself,
does not show deliberate indifference violative of the Eighth Amendment.
IV
Hollyfield claims he is entitled to damages under Louisiana law because
the medical staff at ACC failed to provide him with reasonable medical care.
Specifically, Hollyfield alleges that the ACC medical staff unnecessarily caused
him pain and suffering because they failed to respond to his pain adequately,
even refusing to do such simple acts as granting him a wheelchair or moving
him to the medical tier of the prison. Hollyfield contends that “[a]n average
juror knows that a swollen testicle is painful and that intestines protruding
into a testicle is painful.”
Under Louisiana law, prison authorities owe a duty to provide inmates
with reasonable medical care. 13 Generally, for claims of failing to provide
reasonable medical care, a plaintiff is unable to sustain his burden of proof
without expert testimony. 14 But expert testimony is not required when “a lay
jury can perceive negligence in the charged physician’s conduct as well as any
expert can.” 15 These situations can include a “[f]ailure to attend a patient
when the circumstances demonstrate the serious consequences of this failure,
and failure of an on-call physician to respond to an emergency when he knows
or should know that his presence is necessary.” 16
Here, where the medical staff provided Hollyfield with various forms of
pain medication and a scrotal support device, a lay juror, having no instruction
in medicine, would not know the appropriate pain medication or other course
13 Harper v. Goodwin, 930 So. 2d 1160, 1163 (La. App. 2d Cir. 2006); Robinson v. Stalder, 734
So. 2d 810, 812 (La. App. 1st Cir. 1999).
14 Pfiffner v. Correa, 643 So. 2d 1228, 1234 (La. 1994).
15 Id.
16 Id.
7
Case: 19-30483 Document: 00515230185 Page: 8 Date Filed: 12/10/2019
No. 19-30483
of treatment for Hollyfield’s condition. Only an expert would be able to inform
a lay juror whether the treatment provided by Hurst and Jackson failed to
constitute reasonable medical care. Since Hollyfield does not present any
expert testimony that his treatment was negligent, he is unable to meet his
burden of proof on summary judgment for this claim.
* * *
The district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.
8