Reese v. Skinner

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
April 21, 2009
No. 08-40490
Summary Calendar Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
RODERICK L REESE
Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
ANGELA SKINNER, Health Manager; HUNTER, Assistant Warden;
GUTIERREZ, Captain; RENFRO, Safety Compliance; BAUR, Classification
Tracking; IRVING, U.G.I.; BRAD CASAL, Warden; MAJOR MONROE;
FRANKLIN, C.O.; PARNAGHAM, C.O.; BOLECH, C.O.; CORNANDO, C.O.;
RYAN, C.O.; KEISSER, C.O.; SARGENT DROTKE; SHIRLEY, Patroski, Chief
of Classsification; DOCTOR BURNS
Defendants-Appellees
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
USDC No. 6:05-CV-68
Before DAVIS, GARZA, and PRADO, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Roderick L. Reese, Texas prisoner # 1027930, appeals the district court’s
dismissal of his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action as frivolous. We review a district court’s
dismissal of an in forma pauperis complaint as frivolous pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for an abuse of discretion. Siglar v. Hightower, 112 F.3d 191,
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
No. 08-40490
193 (5th Cir. 1997). A claim may be dismissed as frivolous if it does not have an
arguable basis in fact or law. Gonzales v. Wyatt, 157 F.3d 1016, 1019 (5th Cir.
1998).
Reese argues that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing his
deliberate indifference to serious medical needs claims on the basis of testimony
given by Dr. Danny Adams at a Spears 1 hearing. Reese contends that his
allegations stated viable claims for deliberate indifference to serious medical
needs based upon his being forced to perform work that violated his medical
restrictions and aggravated his injuries.
The district court’s dismissal of Reese’s deliberate indifference to serious
medical needs claims was based upon Dr. Adams’s testimony that, in turn, was
based upon unidentified medical records. As the testimony relied upon by the
district court contradicted Reese’s allegations, the district court abused its
discretion by relying upon the testimony to dismiss Reese’s claims as frivolous.
See Williams v. Luna, 909 F.2d 121, 124 (5th Cir. 1990).
While the district court improperly relied upon Dr. Adams’s testimony to
dismiss Reese’s deliberate indifference to serious medical needs claims, we may
still affirm the dismissal of those claims if the claims had no arguable merit. See
Wesson v. Oglesby, 910 F.2d 278, 282 (5th Cir. 1990). Reese did not allege that
defendants Correctional Officer Parnagham, Renfro, Bauer, Irving, Warden
Casal, Major Monroe, Angela Skinner, and Shirley directly participated in
forcing him to work in violation of his medical restrictions or implemented
policies that led to his injuries. Accordingly, Reese’s claims against those
defendants were without arguable merit. See Thompkins v. Belt, 828 F.2d 298,
304 (5th Cir. 1987). Reese’s allegations that Correctional Officer Parnagham
participated in humiliating him also did not state a viable claim because verbal
abuse and humiliation are not actionable under § 1983. See Calhoun v.
1
Spears v. McCotter, 766 F.2d 179 (5th Cir. 1985).
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No. 08-40490
Hargrove, 312 F.3d 730, 734 (5th Cir. 2002). Because Reese’s claims against
Correctional Officer Parnagham, Renfro, Bauer, Irving, Warden Casal, Major
Monroe, Skinner, and Shirley were without arguable merit, the district court’s
dismissal of those claims is affirmed. See Wesson, 910 F.2d at 282.
Reese alleged that Assistant Warden Hunter, Captain Gutierrez,
Correctional Officer Franklin, Correctional Officer Bolech, and Correctional
Officer Ryan directly forced him to work in the laundry knowing that it violated
his medical restrictions, causing him to suffer further injury and intense pain.
These allegations were sufficient to state viable claims for deliberate indifference
to serious medical needs. See Jackson v. Cain, 864 F.2d 1235, 1246 (5th Cir.
1989). Reese alleged that Dr. Burns refused to medically unassign him from the
laundry job for over a month due to pressure from other prison officials even
though Dr. Burns knew that the laundry job was aggravating Reese’s physical
ailments and causing him severe pain. These allegations were sufficient to state
a viable claim for deliberate indifference to serious medical needs. See id.;
Mendoza v. Lynaugh, 989 F.2d 191, 195 (5th Cir. 1993). Accordingly, the district
court’s dismissal of Reese’s deliberate indifference to serious medical needs
claims against Assistant Warden Hunter, Captain Gutierrez, Correctional
Officer Franklin, Correctional Officer Bolech, Correctional Officer Ryan, and Dr.
Burns is vacated, and those claims are remanded to the district court for further
proceedings.
Reese argues that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing his
retaliation claims. To state a viable claim for retaliation, a prisoner must allege
“(1) a specific constitutional right, (2) the defendant’s intent to retaliate against
the prisoner for his exercise of that right, (3) a retaliatory adverse act, and
(4) causation.” McDonald v. Steward, 132 F.3d 225, 231 (5th Cir. 1998). Filing
grievances and otherwise complaining about the conduct of correctional officers
through proper channels are constitutionally protected activities, and prison
officials may not retaliate against inmates for engaging in such protected
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No. 08-40490
activities. Morris v. Powell, 449 F.3d 682, 684 (5th Cir. 2006). Inmates,
however, do not have a constitutional right to refuse to work. See Murray v.
Miss. Dep’t of Corr., 911 F.2d 1167, 1167-68 (5th Cir. 1990). Thus, refusing to
work is not the exercise of a specific constitutional right and cannot form the
basis for a retaliation claim. See id.; Johnson v. Rodriguez, 110 F.3d 299, 310
(5th Cir. 1997). Accordingly, in order to state a viable retaliation claim, Reese
had to allege facts showing that the defendants retaliated against him for filing
grievances or complaining through the proper channels. See id.; Morris, 449
F.3d at 684.
At the Spears hearing, Reese asserted that the defendants retaliated
against him because their harassment of him intensified after he started filing
grievances. This was an insufficient allegation of causation as “temporal
proximity alone is insufficient to prove but for causation.” Strong v. Univ.
Healthcare Sys., L.L.C., 482 F.3d 802, 808 (5th Cir. 2007); see also Johnson, 110
F.3d at 310; Enlow v. Tishomingo County, Miss., 45 F.3d 885, 889 (5th Cir.
1995).
Reese alleged that Captain Gutierrez crudely told him that the law did not
mean anything, that no one cared about the grievances he filed, and that he had
to continue to do his work in the laundry. The alleged statement, however,
shows only that Captain Gutierrez did not care about the grievances; it does not
show that Captain Gutierrez sought to retaliate against Reese for filing
grievances. Accordingly, the alleged statement was insufficient to show
causation. See Johnson, 110 F.3d at 310.
Reese alleged that Captain Gutierrez berated him in front of everyone in
the laundry and harassed him. According to Reese’s allegations, however, all of
these incidents were caused by Reese refusing to work, not Reese’s complaints
and grievances. Accordingly, these allegations are insufficient to show
causation. See Murray, 911 F.2d at 1167-68; Johnson, 110 F.3d at 310.
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No. 08-40490
Reese alleged that Correctional Officer Ryan wrote a disciplinary charge
against him for refusing to work for which Reese was found guilty and
sanctioned. Reese’s allegations, however, indicate that Reese had refused to
work when Correctional Officer Ryan wrote the disciplinary charge. This shows
that the disciplinary charge was written because Reese refused to work, not
because Reese had filed grievances or complained about his work assignment.
Accordingly, this allegation is insufficient to show causation. See Murray, 911
F.2d at 1167-68; Johnson, 110 F.3d at 310.
Reese did not allege facts showing direct evidence of motivation or a
chronology of events from which retaliation can be inferred. See Woods v. Smith,
60 F.3d 1161, 1166 (5th Cir. 1995). Accordingly, Reese has not shown that the
district court abused its discretion by dismissing his retaliation claims. See id.
The district court’s dismissal of Reese’s retaliation claims is affirmed.
Reese argues that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing his
claims against DeWitt County Sheriff Joe C. Zavesky and Glenn Boldt for not
investigating his claims and subjecting other defendants to criminal prosecution.
Reese “does not have a constitutional right to have someone criminally
prosecuted.” Oliver v. Collins, 914 F.2d 56, 60 (5th Cir. 1990). Accordingly,
Reese has not shown that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing
his claims against Sheriff Zavesky and Boldt as frivolous. See id. The district
court’s dismissal of Reese’s claims against Sheriff Zavesky and Boldt is affirmed.
AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED AND REMANDED IN PART.
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