John Helmert, Jr. v. Cenlar FSB

Case: 19-60547 Document: 00515318857 Page: 1 Date Filed: 02/21/2020
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
No. 19-60547 February 21, 2020
Summary Calendar
Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
JOHN C. HELMERT, JR.,
Plaintiff - Appellant
v.
CENLAR FSB; NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE, L.L.C.,
Defendants - Appellees
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Mississippi
USDC No. 3:18-CV-194
Before WIENER, HAYNES, and COSTA, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Appellant John C. Helmert Jr. appeals the district court’s dismissal of
his Mississippi state law claims of wrongful foreclosure and negligence against
Appellees Cenlar FSB and Nationstar Mortgage, LLC. We AFFIRM the
district court’s judgment.
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
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No. 19-60547
I. Background
On June 24, 2003, Helmert and his then wife purchased a home in
Lafayette County, Mississippi. On or about April 17, 2006, the Helmerts
refinanced their loan and granted a deed of trust (the “Deed”) to Merchants &
Farmers Bank, 1 which then assigned the Deed to Taylor, Bean & Whitaker
Mortgage Corporation. On June 3, 2013, Taylor, Bean & Whitaker assigned
the Deed to Cenlar. The person who signed the assignment lacked authority
to act on behalf of Taylor, Bean & Whitaker because he was a Cenlar employee.
On February 6, 2014, Cenlar assigned the Deed to Nationstar. The Deed was
recorded in the land records with the Office of the Chancery Clerk of Lafayette
County. On June 10, 2014, Nationstar appointed a substitute trustee.
Helmert defaulted on the indebtedness secured by the Deed, and the substitute
trustee foreclosed on Helmert’s home on August 21, 2014.
On October 26, 2015, the Deed from Taylor, Bean & Whitaker to Cenlar
was corrected (the “Corrected Deed”). That same day, Cenlar assigned the
Corrected Deed to Nationstar. On December 9, 2016, the substitute trustee for
Nationstar rescinded the initial foreclosure sale, and Nationstar conducted
another foreclosure sale.
On May 9, 2018, Helmert sued Cenlar and Nationstar in Mississippi
state court for wrongful foreclosure, negligence, fraud, and improperly issuing
two 1099-A tax forms. Cenlar timely removed the action to federal district
court on diversity grounds. Both Nationstar and Cenlar then moved to dismiss
under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state claims upon
which relief may be granted. The district court granted the motions to dismiss,
holding that Helmert had failed to state claims for wrongful foreclosure,
1 The parties misidentified the bank as “Merchant and Farmers Bank.”
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negligence, fraud, and improper issuance of the 1099-A forms. Helmert timely
appealed.
II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review
The district court had diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332.
Helmert is a Mississippi citizen who sought monetary relief exceeding $75,000.
Cenlar is a foreign corporation with its principal place of business in New
Jersey. Nationstar is a Delaware limited liability company with no members
who are residents of Mississippi. We have jurisdiction over the appeal under
28 U.S.C. § 1291.
We review a district court’s Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal de novo, “accepting
all well-pleaded facts as true and viewing those facts in the light most favorable
to the plaintiff[].” Doe ex rel. Magee v. Covington Cty. Sch. Dist. ex rel. Keys,
675 F.3d 849, 854 (5th Cir. 2012) (en banc). A plaintiff must plead “enough
facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face,” which requires
“plead[ing] factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. (first
quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007); then quoting
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)). When reviewing a district court’s
Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, “[w]e may affirm for reasons other than those relied
upon by the district court.” LLEH, Inc. v. Wichita Cty., 289 F.3d 358, 364 (5th
Cir. 2002) (brackets omitted).
III. Discussion
In district court, Helmert alleged that “Cenlar negligently and/or
fraudulently assigned the [Deed] to Defendant Nationstar” and that
“Nationstar then wrongfully foreclosed upon [his] home despite not having
valid authority to do so.” The district court held that as a non-party to the
assignment of the Deed, Helmert lacked standing on his wrongful-foreclosure
claim because the conveyances, if fraudulent, were voidable. The court also
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held that Helmert had failed to state a claim for fraud. Regarding Nationstar’s
alleged negligence and wrongful foreclosure, the district court held that
Helmert had failed to state claims upon which relief could be granted because
Helmert had conceded that he was in default and Nationstar thereby had a
right to foreclose.
On appeal, Helmert challenges the district court’s dismissal of his
wrongful-foreclosure and negligence claims only and thereby waives any
appeal of his fraud claim. See United States v. Griffith, 522 F.3d 607, 610 (5th
Cir. 2008). In this diversity case, Mississippi substantive law applies. See
Nat’l Liab. & Fire Ins. Co. v. R & R Marine, Inc., 756 F.3d 825, 834 (5th Cir.
2014). Mississippi state law recognizes a fraudulent, but not a negligent,
conveyance claim. See Neel v. Fannie Mae, 2014 WL 896754, at *10 n.4 (S.D.
Miss. Mar. 6, 2014). Indeed, Helmert does not cite any court decision
recognizing a claim for negligent conveyance. In diversity cases, we will not
“impose upon Mississippi a new regime of liability.” Midwest Feeders, Inc. v.
Bank of Franklin, 886 F.3d 507, 519 (5th Cir. 2018). Thus, Helmert failed to
state a claim against Cenlar for negligently conveying the Deed. Because
Helmert did not raise his fraudulent-conveyance claim on appeal, Helmert has
no claim against Cenlar.
Under Mississippi law, a mortgagor may recover damages for wrongful
foreclosure “where an unlawful foreclosure is attempted solely from a
malicious desire to injure the mortgagor[] or . . . where the foreclosure is
conducted negligently or in bad faith, to his detriment.” Nat’l Mortg. Co. v.
Williams, 357 So. 2d 934, 935–36 (Miss. 1978). Helmert claims that Nationstar
negligently foreclosed on his property because Nationstar lacked a valid
assignment of the Deed. However, Helmert never contests that he defaulted
on his loan. Mississippi case law holds that when an obligor defaults, the
trustee of a deed may foreclose, and the obligor lacks standing to pursue a
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wrongful-foreclosure claim. 2 Peoples Bank & Tr. Co. v. L & T Devs., Inc., 434
So. 2d 699, 708 (Miss.), judgment corrected, 437 So. 2d 7 (Miss. 1983); accord
Patton v. Am. Home Mortg. Servicing, Inc., 2013 WL 1310560, at *2 (S.D. Miss.
Mar. 28, 2013) (holding that an obligor lacked standing to pursue her state law
claim for wrongful foreclosure “because she admittedly defaulted on the Note
and foreclosure was authorized by the Deed of Trust, regardless of who held
the Note”). Because Helmert defaulted on the Deed, he lacks standing to assert
negligence and wrongful foreclosure claims against Nationstar.
IV. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of
Helmert’s claims.
2 Helmert asks us to apply our precedent from Reinagel v. Deutsche Bank Nat’l Tr.
Co., 735 F.3d 220 (5th Cir. 2013). However, Reinagel was based on Texas law. Id. at 224–
25. It thus does not govern our analysis in this case.
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