Rachael Nyamayedenga v. Eric Holder, Jr.

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 13a0592n.06
Nos. 12-3340/4146
FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Jun 21, 2013
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
RACHAEL NYAMAYEDENGA, )
)
Petitioner, )
) ON PETITION FOR REVIEW
v. ) FROM THE UNITED STATES
) BOARD OF IMMIGRATION
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., Attorney General, ) APPEALS
)
Respondent. )
)
BEFORE: GILMAN, GRIFFIN, and WHITE, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. Rachael Nyamayedenga, a native of Zimbabwe, petitions through counsel
for review of decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), dismissing her appeal from a
decision of an immigration judge (IJ) denying her applications for asylum, withholding of removal,
and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT), and denying her motion to reopen the
proceeding. The cases have been consolidated for review. We granted Nyamayedenga’s motion for
a stay of removal pending this review.
Nyamayedenga was born in 1956. She entered this country in 2001 as a dependent of her
then husband, who had a student visa. The couple’s three sons also entered as dependents. In 2007,
Nyamayedenga and her husband divorced. She attempted to change her status to a student, but was
denied. She also applied for the above relief.
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Nyamayedenga bases her applications for relief on her claimed fear of persecution in
Zimbabwe on the basis of her political opinion. She claims to belong to the opposition party and to
have provided financial support for her brother, who ran unsuccessfully for Parliament as a member
of that party. Her brother has since died, and Nyamayedenga believes his death from a heart attack
was brought on by harassment from those in favor of the ruling party and its president, Robert
Mugabe. Her brother’s death certificate, however, shows that he died from renal failure and
hepatitis. His widow, according to Nyamayedenga, was forced to close her shop because her
customers were threatened, and she now works from home. Nyamayedenga’s nephew has left
Zimbabwe for South Africa due to vague claims of threats from the ruling party. Nyamayedenga
does not claim that she or anyone in her family has ever been assaulted or arrested based on their
political opinion.
The IJ denied all relief. First, the IJ found that Nyamayedenga’s application for asylum was
untimely. In the alternative, he denied the asylum claim and her other claims to relief on the merits
(A.R. pp. 270-288). The BIA agreed with the IJ’s conclusions and dismissed her appeal
(A.R. pp. 191-194). Nyamayedenga moved to reopen the proceeding, submitting evidence that the
political situation had not improved despite the opposition party’s winning some positions in the
government by election. The BIA found that none of Nyamayedenga’s evidence showed that she
would be singled out for persecution if she returned to Zimbabwe, and it denied the motion. (A.R.
pp. 7-8).
In her brief before this court, Nyamayedenga argues that her asylum application was not
untimely due to extraordinary circumstances because she had a pending application for change of
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status which obviated the need to apply for asylum. She also argues that the BIA erred in concluding
that she was not more likely to be persecuted than her sister-in-law and nephew because she
contributed money to the opposition party while in this country.
We lack jurisdiction to review whether extraordinary circumstances existed which would
excuse Nyamayedenga’s late filing of her asylum application. See Vincent v. Holder, 632 F.3d 351,
353 (6th Cir. 2011). Moreover, we find that substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of her
asylum claim on the merits. The facts found by the agency under this standard of review are
conclusive unless a reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary. Akhtar
v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 399, 404 (6th Cir. 2005). Nyamayedenga does not claim to have suffered past
persecution, nor have any of her family members. Although she claims that she would be singled
out for persecution because she provided financial support to the opposition party while in this
country, she has not provided any direct, specific evidence supporting a reasonable fear of
persecution. See Klawitter v. INS, 970 F.2d 149, 153 (6th Cir. 1992).
Because Nyamayedenga failed to satisfy the burden of proof on her asylum claim, she cannot
satisfy the higher standard for withholding of removal. See Dieng v. Holder, 698 F.3d 866, 874 (6th
Cir. 2012). She also has not established that it is more likely than not that she will be tortured on
return to Zimbabwe and is therefore ineligible for protection under the CAT. See Pilica v. Ashcroft,
388 F.3d 941, 951 (6th Cir. 2004).
Nyamayedenga also petitions for review of the denial of her motion to reopen the proceeding.
We review the denial of a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion, which can be shown if the
denial is without rational explanation, inexplicably departs from established policies, or rests on an
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impermissible basis such as racial discrimination. Denko v. INS, 351 F.3d 717, 723 (6th Cir. 2003).
Nyamayedenga has not established abuse of discretion by the BIA. The order denying her motion
explains that, although improvements in the political situation in Zimbabwe have not materialized,
Nyamayedenga still has no evidence that she has a reasonable fear of persecution on the basis of her
political opinion.
Accordingly, we deny Nyamayedenga’s petitions for review.
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