United States v. Deric Basquez

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 10a0732n.06
No. 09-5731
FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Nov 22, 2010
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
v. ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
) THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF
) TENNESSEE
DERIC BASQUEZ, )
)
Defendant-Appellant. )
BEFORE: GILMAN and GRIFFIN, Circuit Judges; and Rose, District Judge.*
ROSE, District Judge. Defendant-Appellant Deric Basquez appeals the sentence imposed
upon him when his supervised release was revoked, asserting that it is procedurally unreasonable.
Basquez asserts that the district court committed procedural error by insufficiently addressing the
reasons he put forth as to why he should be sentenced below the guideline range when his supervised
release was revoked. Because we find no error in the procedure utilized by the district court while
exercising its discretion in imposing the sentence, we disagree and AFFIRM.
I. Factual Background
On the morning of September 15, 2000, Defendant-Appellant Deric Basquez got into a verbal
confrontation with a man who had lent Basquez his car in exchange for several pieces of crack
*
The Honorable Thomas M. Rose, United States District Court for the Southern District of
Ohio, sitting by designation.
United States v.Deric Basquez , No. 09-5731
cocaine. This encounter escalated until Basquez had shot his .22 caliber rifle, wounding the car
owner in the leg and hitting an 11-year old girl above her eye as she waited for her school bus. On
May 30, 2001, a federal grand jury in the Western District of Tennessee returned an indictment
charging Basquez with illegal possession of a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g). Basquez
pleaded guilty. Provided with a recommended guideline range of 92 to 115 months of imprisonment,
the district court sentenced Basquez to the low end of the guideline range followed by three years
of supervised release.
After serving his sentence, Basquez was released from prison and started serving his term
of supervised release on January 22, 2008. Nine months later, on October 21, 2008, the district court
revoked Basquez’s supervised release for alcohol related offenses. Basquez requested that the court
allow him to continue to work with a man who was both a pastor and electrician, and who was also
a previously convicted felon now working with convicted felons as an employer and mentor. The
district court agreed and imposed a sentence of the one day of time served and a new 3-year term of
supervised release.
On June 10, 2009, the district court again revoked Basquez’s supervised release in the
proceeding which this Court is now reviewing. The district court found that on February 24, 2009,
Basquez, who was intoxicated, made sexually explicit requests of a 15-year-old girl and her 14-year-
old sister as they were walking in their neighborhood. Basquez then grabbed the 14-year-old by her
arm. The girls began to fight with Basquez.
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Eventually the girls got away, but soon thereafter Basquez approached the girls again in a
different location and started “swinging.” When the girls picked up sticks and bricks to defend
themselves, Basquez twisted a stick from one of them and then used it to hit the 15-year-old on the
arm and her sister on the leg. Basquez threw a brick at the girls as well, before fleeing.
Basquez was ultimately chased down and subdued by the girls and others in the
neighborhood who came to the girls’ aide. The 15-year-old’s arm went numb after Basquez hit her
with the stick. She was taken to Lebonhuer Children’s Hospital where she remained overnight. Her
arm was placed in a cast and in June of 2009, over three months later, she still had a knot on her arm
from where Basquez struck her. Basquez was arrested for aggravated assault and solicitation of a
minor, but the state ultimately did not prosecute him.
The district Court disbelieved Basquez’s testimony that he had not been drinking that day
and that it was the girls who instigated the dispute when they began yelling at him and using
profanity after he refused to buy cigarettes for them at a local store. Basquez claimed that the girls
came back and attacked him with bricks and sticks, chasing him through the neighborhood to his
house, where he was beaten up by a gang of juveniles.
The district court determined that Basquez had violated the terms of his supervised release.
The advisory guideline range for Basquez’s revocation was twenty-one to twenty-seven months of
imprisonment with a twenty-four month statutory cap. The Government asked the court to impose
a twenty-four month sentence based on the offensive nature of the conduct, the age of the victims,
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Basquez’s non-credible testimony, and the fact that Basquez had failed to take advantage of the
opportunity the court had given him following his first violation of supervised release.
Basquez requested a 12-month sentence based on his claims that he is not considered a threat
in his community, that he has a problem with alcohol, that he had recently improved and enjoyed a
support system provided by his pregnant girlfriend, that he had the “life stomped out of him” by a
“mob of juveniles,” that he wants to be a part of his unborn child’s life, and that he spent forty-five
days in state custody.
The district court sentenced Basquez to 24 months of incarceration with no supervision to
follow. On June 22, 2009, Basquez filed a timely notice of appeal.
II. Jurisdiction
The district court had jurisdiction in this case because Defendant-Appellant Deric Basquez
was indicted by a federal grand jury for alleged violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 3583 and 3553. Thus, the
District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231 and we have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. §
3742 and 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
III. Standard of Review
Generally, district court sentencing determinations are reviewed for reasonableness under an
“abuse-of-discretion standard.” Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 46 (2007); Rita v. United States,
551 U.S. 338, 361 (2007); accord United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 261 (2005). The
reasonableness inquiry has both procedural and substantive components. United States v. Caver, 470
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F.3d 220, 248 (6th Cir. 2007). Thus, “we must ‘consider not only the length of the sentence but also
the factors evaluated and the procedures employed by the district court in reaching its sentencing
determination.’” United States v. Moon, 513 F.3d 527, 539 (6th Cir. 2008) (quoting United States
v. Webb, 403 F.3d 373, 383 (6th Cir. 2005)).
Procedural reasonableness requires that “the sentencing judge . . . .‘set forth enough to satisfy
the appellate court that he has considered the parties’ arguments and has a reasoned basis for
exercising his own legal decision making authority.’” United States v. Klups, 514 F.3d 532, 537 (6th
Cir. 2008) (quoting Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338, 356 (2007)). On review, an appellate court
must
ensure that the district court committed no significant procedural error, such as
failing to calculate (or improperly calculating) the Guidelines range, treating the
Guidelines as mandatory, failing to consider the § 3553(a) factors, selecting a
sentence based on clearly erroneous facts, or failing to adequately explain the chosen
sentence–including an explanation for any deviation from the Guidelines range.
Gall, 552 U.S. at 51; see Bolds, 511 F.3d at 581.
However, this Court has suggested that district courts, after announcing a proposed sentence,
“ask the parties whether they have any objections to the sentence . . . that have not previously been
raised. If a sentencing judge asks this question and if the relevant party does not object, then
plain-error review applies on appeal to those arguments not preserved in the district court.” United
States v. Vonner, 516 F.3d 382, 385 (6th Cir. 2008) (en banc) (internal quotation marks omitted).
In the instant case, when the district court had finished announcing the sentence, it asked counsel,
“Is there any statement, any articulation that I’ve made that anybody thinks needs to be corrected?
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Any mistake that I can undo at this point? Any declaration, any finding or anything of that nature,
in the U.S. v. Bostic type suggestion?” Since Basquez did not object to the sufficiency of the
district court’s reasoning for rejecting his arguments, his appeal will be reviewed for plain error.
Plain-error review requires an appellant to show “(1) error (2) that was obvious or clear, (3) that
affected defendant’s substantial rights and (4) that affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation
of the judicial proceedings.” Id. (quoting United States v. Gardiner, 463 F.3d 445, 459 (6th Cir.
2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). “Only in exceptional circumstances will we find such
error–only, we have said, where the error is so plain that the trial judge . . . [was] derelict in
countenancing it.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
IV. Analysis
Defendant-Appellant Deric Basquez’s claim that the district court committed procedural error
fails because the record reflects that each of Basquez’s arguments were sufficiently considered, either
explicitly or implicitly. Throughout five pages of the sentencing hearing transcript, the sentencing
judge articulated his reasoning sufficient for us to conclude “(1) that the sentencing judge adequately
considered the relevant § 3553(a) factors and clearly stated his reasons for imposing the chosen
sentence, and (2) that the sentence is substantively reasonable.” Liou, 491 F.3d at 339. The
sentencing transcript shows that the sentencing judge “adequately considered” the relevant § 3553(a)
factors and sufficiently set forth his reasons for Basquez’s sentence.
Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338 (2007), addressed the issue of what constitutes a
sufficient explanation for purposes of applying the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors in sentencing a
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defendant. A sentencing court should “set forth enough to satisfy the appellate court that [it] has
considered the parties’ arguments and has a reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decision
making authority.” Id. at 2468. The Rita Court emphasized that “[t]he appropriateness of brevity
or length, conciseness or detail, when to write, what to say, depends upon circumstances. Sometimes
a judicial opinion responds to every argument; sometimes it does not . . . . The law leaves much, in
this respect, to the judge’s own professional judgment.” Id. What is required is a record that
“demonstrate[s] that the sentencing court addressed the relevant factors” in imposing sentence. Id.
In light of Rita, this Court has recognized that “a lengthy explanation may be particularly
unnecessary where a defendant’s arguments are ‘straightforward [and] conceptually simple’ and
where a sentencing court imposes a within-Guidelines sentence.” United States v. Duane, 533 F.3d
441, 451 (6th Cir. 2008) (citing, Rita, at 2469). The Duane panel recognized that in Rita, “where
the district court imposed a within-Guidelines sentence and the arguments were straightforward, the
district court’s explanation was sufficient where ‘[t]he record made clear that the sentencing judge
listened to each argument,’ ‘considered the supporting evidence,’ was ‘fully aware’ of the
defendant’s circumstances, and ‘imposed a sentence that [took] them into account.’” Duane at 452,
(citing, Rita, 127 S. Ct. at 2469). “[U]ltimately, a sentencing court has great discretion in terms of
whether to respond to a given argument.” Duane at 452, (citing Rita, 127 S. Ct. at 2468). When
“[t]he broader context and record of the sentencing hearing provide[s] additional support for the
conclusion that the court adequately considered [a defendant’s] mitigating argument[ ],” the district
court’s failure to address a leniency argument during its statement of reasons does not render the
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defendant’s sentence procedurally unreasonable. United States v. Madden, 515 F.3d 601, 611 (6th
Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Moreover, a rebuttable presumption of substantiveness reasonableness is afforded to a
sentencing judge’s decision where the sentence is imposed within the guideline range and the factors
set forth in § 3553(a) are properly considered. Rita, 551 U.S. at 349- 50; Vonner, 516 F.3d at 389.
A sentencing court “need not recite the factors but must articulate its reasoning in deciding to impose
a sentence in order to allow for reasonable appellate review.” United States v. Kirby, 418 F.3d 621,
626 (6th Cir. 2005). District court judges are still, however, required to “articulate [their] reasoning
sufficiently to permit reasonable appellate review, specifying [their] reasons for selecting” the
specific sentence. United States v. Williams, 436 F.3d 706, 709 (6th Cir. 2006).
Beginning on page 113 of the Sentencing Transcript, and continuing on through page 118,
the district court explained the reasoning behind its sentence. The judge stated that he was
considering all the § 3553(a) factors. In determining Basquez’s sentence, the court specifically
articulated “the need for [the] sentence to reflect the seriousness of defendant’s repeated criminal
behavior and his repeated noncompliant behavior on supervised release and to afford personal
deterrence.” The judge took note of Basquez’s lengthy criminal history, stating that “Basquez has
been involved so heavily and so consistently in criminal behavior through most of his life,” due to
the “number of instances in which he was, in dealing with police officers, assaultive and insolent and
overtly untruthful, giving false identification, false names, for example, to try to escape on various
offenses . . . a number of driving offenses and a number of alcohol related offenses, drug offenses
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and so forth.” The judge also considered the nature of the offense and Basquez’s characteristics
when he mentioned Basquez’s “reprehensible behavior” of “assaultively and insultingly soliciting
young girls” and how it was “uncharacteristic of somebody that is actually trying to improve his
life.” The judge further noted that Basquez’s behavior was “distressing, upsetting, offensive, [and]
obviously criminal.” Additionally, the judge noted that the “sentence of incarceration may provide
the defendant with some medical or correctional treatment to the effect of alcohol or substance abuse
treatment.” He concluded, “There are other factors that I could articulate, but I don’t need to. Those
are the principal most important salient factors that need to be mentioned.”
Basquez’s argument is based on this Court’s holding in United States v. Richardson, 437
F.3d 550 (6th Cir. 2006), that “where a defendant raises a particular argument in seeking a lower
sentence, the record must reflect both that the district judge considered the defendant’s argument and
that the judge explained the basis for rejecting it.” Id. at 554. However, we have noted in several
subsequent cases that this requirement is inconsistent with the subsequent Supreme Court decision
in Rita. In United States v. Liou, 491 F.3d 334 (6th Cir. 2007):
We note[d] that some of our pre-Rita precedents - Jones and Richardson in particular
- might be read to require district court judges to recite and analyze explicitly each
argument, whether frivolous or non-frivolous, that a defendant even arguably raises
in support of a lower sentence. We do not read our precedents so robustly.
Liou, 491 F.3d at 339 n.4.
Basquez asserts that the District Court failed to consider his six arguments for a reduced
sentence: (1) that Basquez was not “considered a threat to his community;” (2) Basquez’s alcoholic
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addiction “caused him to lose control and thus do ‘stupid things’”; (3) Basquez has found a support
system in his girlfriend and as a result had not been drinking and was willing to undergo treatment;
(4) Basquez’s girlfriend was pregnant and he wanted to be a part of that child’s life; (5) Basquez
“suffered substantial punishment when he was severely beaten” by the neighborhood juveniles; and
(6) Basquez spent 45 days in state custody for this offense and that time would allegedly not be
credited by the Bureau of Prisons.
Either implicitly or expressly, the district court addressed most of the six arguments raised
by Basquez. The others were either addressed implicitly or the arguments were factually inaccurate
or simply irrelevant to the determination of a sentence.
The first argument put forward by Basquez was that he was not a threat to the community.
However, the judge stated that he considered the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors, which includes the §
3553(a)(2)(C) requirement that a sentencing judge consider “the need for the sentence imposed to
protect the public from further crimes of the defendant.” The district court specifically stated “in
considering the factors that are required under 3583 . . . to be considered, they are virtually the same
as 3553 considerations for imposing a sentence in the first instance . . . .” Moreover, Basquez’s
claim that he was not a threat to the community runs counter to the judge’s finding that Basquez
solicited and attacked two minor girls.
Basquez also claims that his alcohol addiction supports a lower sentence. Basquez admits
however, that the judge discussed his alcohol addiction. Thus, this argument was expressly
addressed and rejected as a basis for imposing a lower sentence.
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Basquez also claims that his recent improvements due to the support of his pregnant
girlfriend and his willingness to undergo treatment support a lower sentence. Basquez claimed he
was “willing to submit himself to whatever treatment program that he [could] in reality, obtain while
he’s incarcerated.” The sentencing court implicitly addressed the treatment portion of this argument
when it made the recommendation for Basquez to receive medical or correctional treatment for
alcohol or substance abuse treatment during his incarceration. The court rejected it, however, as a
factor in favor of a lower sentence, noting that while a sentence of incarceration would provide the
opportunity for treatment, that actually the 24-month sentence would be “insufficient for the
inpatient 500-hour treatment program” in most circumstances.
Basquez’s assertion that his girlfriend was pregnant and that he wanted to be a part of the
child’s life was considered implicitly. The sentencing judge considered Basquez’s claims of recent
improvements and expressed a “grave doubt” as to whether Basquez would ever reform. The court
specifically discussed Basquez’s past failures in a prior support system that the judge had placed
Basquez into after sentencing him to time served on the initial revocation of his supervised release.
The court previously allowed Basquez to continue to work with the pastor and electrician, who
worked with convicted felons as an employer and mentor. In crafting the current sentence, the court
described Basquez’s success in that program as “marginal” and “not enough.” By these comments,
the district court illustrated its belief that Basquez needed more than a support system to overcome
his alcohol addiction and criminal behavior.
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Basquez further claims that the sentencing judge did not address whether what he describes
as a “beating” by a “gang” of juveniles supports a lower sentence. Counsel for Basquez
characterized the physical encounter between Basquez and the juveniles as follows: “[Basquez] got
the life stomped out of him, he suffered bricks and sticks at the hands of a mob of juveniles.”
Basquez argues that this “beating” supported a lower sentence. During the sentencing hearing, the
judge discussed the situation in detail as follows: “he [Basquez] followed them [juvenile female
victims], he was assaulting or insulting them, they retreated, they attacked, he counter-attacked,
punch, counter-punch and so forth. It went on to the front porch of his house, where he was ganged
up on and whipped in one way or another.” The judge’s assessment of this situation contrasted
dramatically with that of Basquez’s counsel, who felt it supported a lower sentence. The district
court felt that Basquez was “due for that kind of result when he engage[d] in this kind of behavior,
assaultive and offensive and sexually invitational behavior so inappropriately with two young girls.”
Basquez’s claim that the forty-five days he spent in state custody supports a lower sentence
was also not expressly addressed. Although the district court did not directly address the issue of
jail credit, the Supreme Court has held that “credit to a federal sentence on the basis of time
previously served, which is authorized by §3585(b), cannot be calculated at the time of sentencing.”
United States v. Wilson, 503 U.S. 329, 334 (1992). Rather, credit for time previously served is
initially an administrative issue for the Bureau of Prisons and is governed by federal regulations. Id.
Therefore, this argument advanced by Basquez was not relevant to the issues before the district court
in sentencing.
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Finally, the district court did not expressly address Basquez’s claim that his stated desire to
be a part of his unborn child’s life supports a lower sentence. However, this assertion can be viewed
as implicitly addressed in the sentencing judge’s summation of the credibility he assigned to the
testimony that he had heard. “I believe [the 15-year-old girl’s] testimony, and I do not believe Mr.
Basquez’s testimony; [h]e did not provide credible testimony; [i]t was excited; [i]t sounded
rehearsed; [i]t was illogical and not believable.” In light of the district court’s specific findings
regarding Basquez’s lack of credibility in this hearing, it is hard to see how Basquez’s statements
of his intentions to be a part of his child’s life would carry much weight with the sentencing court
as a relevant factor in fashioning a sentence. Consistent with Gale and Duane, the district court’s
record is more than sufficient to support the reasonableness of the sentence imposed by the court.
“A sentencing judge has no more duty than we appellate judges to discuss every argument
made by a litigant; arguments clearly without merit can, and for the sake of judicial economy should
be passed over in silence.” See, Gale, 468 F.3d at 940. We find that the district court heard and
considered the § 3553 factors, as well as defense counsel’s arguments. Basquez has failed to meet
the burden of establishing “error, that was obvious or clear, that affected his substantial rights, and
that affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” As such, Basquez’s
sentence was procedurally reasonable.1
1
Basquez filed a supplemental brief pro se asserting that the sentencing court erred in finding
that he had committed a felony, when, he alleges, he was indicted for a misdemeanor. The offense
of Solicitation of a Minor is classified as “an offense one (1) classification lower then the most
serious crime solicited . . .. T.C.A. § 39-13-528(C). Because Statutory Rape in Tennessee is
classified as Aggravated Statutory Rape when the victim is at least thirteen but less than eighteen
years of age and the defendant is at least ten years older than the victim, T.C.A. § 39-13-506(C),
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V. Conclusion
The record reflects that the sentencing court considered the statutorily mandated factors, thus
precluding a conclusion that the sentence was arrived at in a procedurally unreasonable manner that
amounts to an abuse of discretion. Therefore, we AFFIRM the judgement of the district court.
Basquez should be sentenced as if he committed a crime one classification lower. Aggravated
Statutory Rape is classified as a Class D felony by T.C.A. § 39-13-506(d)(1)(3). Therefore,
Basquez’s offense of Solicitation of a Minor would be a Class E felony which is one classification
lower than Aggravated Statutory Rape. The district court committed no error in this determination.
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