David Ellis v. State of Tennessee

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 12a0862n.06
FILED
No. 10-6103
Aug 08, 2012
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
DAVID ELLIS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
ON APPEAL FROM THE
v. UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE EASTERN
STATE OF TENNESSEE, DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
Defendant-Appellee.
/
Before: MARTIN, SUHRHEINRICH, and COLE, Circuit Judges.
BOYCE F. MARTIN, JR., Circuit Judge. In this employment discrimination case, David
Ellis claims that his employer, the Bradley County Election Commission, unlawfully refused him
a reasonable accommodation for his disability arising from his Crohn’s disease and unlawfully
terminated his employment because of his disability. Ellis filed an employment discrimination
action against Bradley County, but that action was dismissed after this Court found that Tennessee,
not Bradley County, was Ellis’s employer. Ellis then filed the present action against Tennessee,
claiming disability discrimination, retaliatory discharge, and failure to accommodate his disability.
The district court granted Tennessee’s motion for summary judgment on these claims and denied as
moot Ellis’s motion for partial summary judgment as to the fact that Tennessee was his employer.
Ellis appeals. For the following reasons, we REVERSE the district court’s denial of Ellis’s motion
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Ellis v. Tennessee
Page 2
for partial summary judgment and REMAND to the district court for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
I.
Ellis has suffered from Crohn’s disease during much of his twenty-two-year employment
with the Commission, and took a medical leave of absence in April 2006 because of his worsening
medical condition. While Ellis was on medical leave, the Commission learned that Ellis was under
investigation by the county mayor’s office for possible state law violations. The Commission
reinstated Ellis in August and simultaneously suspended him with pay pending completion of the
mayor’s investigation. The investigation resulted in a finding that Ellis had violated Tennessee law.
On October 6, the Commission voted to terminate Ellis due to both his poor work performance and
his state law violations.
Following his termination, Ellis filed an employment discrimination lawsuit in federal court
in December 2006 against Bradley County, Tennessee. See Ellis v. Bradley Cnty., No. 1:06-CV-260,
2007 WL 1830756 (E.D. Tenn. June 22, 2007). Ellis alleged that Bradley County was his employer.
Bradley County filed a motion to dismiss on the basis that Tennessee, and not Bradley County, was
Ellis’s employer. The district court granted Bradley County’s motion and dismissed the case upon
finding that Tennessee, and not Bradley County, was indeed Ellis’s employer. We affirmed this
decision, Ellis v. Bradley Cnty., 387 F. App’x 516, 516-17 (6th Cir. 2008), and explained that:
The district court dismissed Ellis’s complaint under Rule 12b(1) & (6) after
“examining the Tennessee Code, relevant case law, and the persuasive Attorney
General opinions,” [and] the district court concluded that Ellis was an employee of
the State of Tennessee rather than Bradley County. Ellis’s salary, life and health
insurance, and retirement benefits were paid by Bradley County, the minimum
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amount of his salary was determined by state law. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-12-208.
The statutes provide that a portion of an administrator’s salary will be paid by the
state if the administrator passes “a written examination on election laws” and,
consequently becomes certified by the state election commission, which apparently
Ellis was. Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 2-11-202(b), 2-12-209.
Ellis’s duties “were not owed to the county alone.” See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-12-201(a)(9) and (12).
Ellis was associated with the Bradley County Election Commission, whose membership was
controlled by the state election commission. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-12-101. Because the Bradley
County Election Commission members are hired, fired, and disciplined by the state election
commission, Bradley County did not have the authority to hire, fire, or discipline Ellis. See id.Ellis’s duties were defined by state law. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-12-201.
Read in context, the statutes to which Ellis refers to support his argument that he was a
county, rather than a state, employee do not apply. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-12-210; Tenn. Code
Ann. § 8-17-102(a)(2). Under these circumstances, Ellis was for all intents and purposes an
employee of the State of Tennessee rather than Bradley County. Indeed, the Tennessee Supreme
Court has determined that a county election commission “is not an arm of the county government.”
Abercrombie v. City of Chattanooga, 203 Tenn. 357, 313 S.W.2d 256, 258 (1958). Because Bradley
County was not the proper defendant, Ellis’s complaint was subject to dismissal for failure to state
a claim for relief.
Ellis then filed the present action against Tennessee, alleging that the Commission was a state
entity and that the Commission had unlawfully refused to provide him a reasonable accommodation
for his disability and terminated his employment because of his disability, in violation of the
Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq., and the Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. §
No. 10-6103
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2601 et seq. Tennessee and Ellis filed cross-motions for summary judgment on all claims. Ellis also
filed a motion for partial summary judgment as to his assertion that Tennessee was his employer.
The district court granted Tennessee’s motion for summary judgment, denied Ellis’s motion for
summary judgment, denied as moot Ellis’s motion for partial summary judgment as to the fact that
Tennessee was Ellis’s employer, and dismissed the case. Ellis appeals, arguing that the district court
erred in deciding the merits of Ellis’s discrimination, retaliation, and failure to accommodate claims,
and in denying as moot Ellis’s motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of whether
Tennessee was his employer.
II.
Because the question of mootness is “a jurisdictional question,” Demis v. Sniezek, 558 F.3d
508, 512 (6th Cir. 2009), we consider it before reaching Ellis’s other claims. “Although the denial
of a motion for summary judgment is usually an interlocutory order that is not immediately
appealable, where an appeal from a denial of summary judgment is presented in tandem with a grant
of summary judgment, this court has jurisdiction to review the propriety of the district court’s denial
of summary judgment.” Smith v. Jefferson Cnty. Bd. of School Comm’rs, 641 F.3d 197, 205 (6th Cir.
2011) (en banc) (internal quotation marks omitted). We review de novo the district court’s denial
of partial summary judgment on the issue of mootness. Id.; see also Demis, 558 F.3d at 512 (finding
that this Court reviews jurisdictional questions de novo). A claim is moot when the issues are “no
longer live or the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.” Los Angeles Cnty. v.
Davis, 440 U.S. 625, 631 (1979) (internal quotation marks omitted).
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The district court denied as moot Ellis’s motion for partial summary judgment regarding the
issue of the identity of his employer. Ellis argues on appeal that the district court erred in denying
his motion because the issue of his employer’s identity had already been decided by this Court. In
our previous unpublished opinion in Ellis, 387 F. App’x at 517, we found that “Ellis was for all
intents and purposes an employee of the State of Tennessee rather than Bradley County.” We found
that the district court had fully examined the question of which entity employed Ellis in his previous
lawsuit against Bradley County and affirmed the district court’s prior finding that “Ellis was an
employee of the State of Tennessee rather than Bradley County.” Id.In its brief, Tennessee “requests that this issue be re-examined in light of the facts developed
in this action.” However, Tennessee does not point to any new facts, nor does it identify any new
case law developments that might affect our finding in the previous case.
We have already fully considered the relevant facts and legal standards regarding the
substance of the employer issue contained in Ellis’s motion for partial summary judgment, and we
found that Tennessee was his employer in Ellis, id., a case to which Tennessee was not a party. The
identity of the proper defendant is a necessary question of personal jurisdiction. The district court
erred in refusing to rule on the jurisdictional question “concerning whether [Tennessee] was [Ellis’s]
employer.” Ellis v. Tennessee, No. 1:09-CV-131 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 2, 2010) (order granting
defendant’s motion for summary judgment, denying plaintiff’s counter motion for summary
judgment, denying as moot plaintiff’s motion for partial summary judgment, and dismissing the
case). Because we reverse and remand for further proceedings to clarify this jurisdictional issue, we
do not reach the other issues presented by Ellis on appeal.
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III.
For the above reasons, we REVERSE the district court’s denial of Ellis’s motion for
summary judgment on the fact that Tennessee was his employer, and REMAND for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.