United States v. Terry Benson

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 22a0397n.06
No. 21-6064
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
Oct 06, 2022
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
v. ) THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF
) TENNESSEE
TERRY L. BENSON, )
Defendant-Appellant. ) OPINION
)
Before: SILER, NALBANDIAN, and READLER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. A jury convicted Terry L. Benson of mail fraud, theft of government
funds, and passing a fictitious instrument, based on a scheme in which Benson sent the Internal
Revenue Service fraudulent money orders that exceeded his tax debt enough that the IRS issued
him corresponding refund checks. Now, Benson challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to
support his convictions. Because the Government presented sufficient evidence to support
Benson’s convictions, we AFFIRM.
I.
A grand jury indicted Benson on three counts: theft of government funds in violation of
18 U.S.C. § 641, mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, and passing a fictitious instrument
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 514(a)(2). Benson waived his right to counsel and represented himself
at trial.
At trial, the government presented evidence that the IRS received in the mail a document
purporting to be a money order payable to the United States Department of the Treasury for just
No. 21-6064, United States v. Benson
over $393,000. The purported money order said “Tax Account Settlement Payment” in the memo
line and listed the payer as “Terry Lawrence Benson Irrevocable Trust” with the address of 3943
Pippin Street, Memphis, Tennessee—where Benson’s mother lived. After applying the purported
payment to Benson’s outstanding balance, the IRS mailed a refund check for $297,311.32 to
Benson at the 3943 Pippin Street address.
An individual later presented that refund check to Morgan Stanley to open an individual
brokerage account in Benson’s name. Rosalind Odell, a business service manager with Morgan
Stanley, testified that Morgan Stanley closed the account because of concerns about its suspicious
nature and returned the funds to an individual, who picked up the check in person. Odell was
“somewhat” able to identify Benson in court as the individual who picked up the check because
“Mr. Benson appears to be wearing, I think, the same jewelry, same complexion, same demeanor
[as the man who picked up the check].” (R. 203, PageID 1353).
The check from Morgan Stanley payable to Benson for about $297,000 was then used to
open a checking account at Regions Bank in Benson’s name and with the 3943 Pippin Street
address. According to the testimony of Kimberly Townsley from Regions Bank and other
evidence, an individual transferred funds from that account into another account at Regions Bank
and used those accounts to make payments for various purchases, including the use of a cashier’s
check in the amount of about $72,000 to buy a mobile home located at 92 Hillview Road,
Senatobia, Mississippi. Benson later submitted an affidavit to the IRS claiming to be a victim of
identity theft. That affidavit listed his current mailing address as the 92 Hillview Road address.
The IRS later received another document purporting to be a money order payable to the
“United States Treasury Internal Revenue Service” for $1.3 million. The purported money order
-2-
No. 21-6064, United States v. Benson
listed the payer as “Terry Lawrence Benson Bey Trust,” included Benson’s social security number,
and was submitted along with documents using the 3943 Pippin Street address.
After the government presented its case, Benson moved for a judgment of acquittal under
Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29, which the district court denied. Then, the jury convicted
Benson on all three counts. Benson received a sentence of 46 months of imprisonment, two years
of supervised release, and an order of restitution of about $240,000 to the IRS. Benson timely
appealed.
II.
We review de novo the district court’s denial of Benson’s motion for judgment of acquittal.
See United States v. Howard, 947 F.3d 936, 947 (6th Cir. 2020). In reviewing the district court’s
decision, we must view "the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution . . . .” United
States v. Cunningham, 679 F.3d 355, 370 (6th Cir. 2012) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 319 (1979)). And, if “any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt,” we must affirm the district court’s decision. Id. (quoting
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319). We are not the jury and may not reweigh evidence or insert our
judgment in place of the jury’s. United States v. Ward, 957 F.3d 691, 695–96 (6th Cir. 2020).
And in evaluating only the government’s presentation, we note that “[c]ircumstantial evidence
alone” can sustain a conviction. Howard, 947 F.3d at 947 (quoting United States v. Lowe, 795
F.3d 519, 522–23 (6th Cir. 2015)).
Benson’s main contention is that the government did not present sufficient evidence on his
identity. Benson is not contesting that the IRS was defrauded. He is only arguing that the
government didn’t present enough evidence that he was the one who did the defrauding. So,
Benson’s argument goes, because no rational juror could have found beyond a reasonable doubt
-3-
No. 21-6064, United States v. Benson
that Benson was the one who defrauded the IRS, the district court should have granted his motion
for judgment of acquittal.
Of course, “the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt” that the “defendant
[is] the person who perpetrated the crime charged.” United States v. Shanklin, 924 F.3d 905, 917
(6th Cir. 2019) (internal citation omitted). But it’s also true that “circumstantial evidence may
support the identification of the defendant,” so “the government need not present direct, in-court
identifications of the defendant.” Id. at 917–18.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the government, we conclude that there
was sufficient evidence for a rational trier of fact to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Benson
committed these crimes. On top of Odell’s in-court identification of Benson as the person who
picked up the check from Morgan Stanley, the evidence showed that the individual who committed
the crimes used the 3943 Pippin Street address—Benson’s mother’s residence—to submit the
phony money orders and other documents to the IRS and to open accounts at Regions Bank. With
the funds obtained from the IRS and placed into accounts at Regions Bank, the individual bought
a mobile home located at 92 Hillview Road—the same address that Benson listed in the identity-
theft affidavit that he submitted to the IRS. Benson has failed to show that the district court erred
in denying his motion for a judgment of acquittal. This evidence, taken together, is sufficient to
allow a rational trier of fact to find Benson guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. See Cunningham,
679 F.3d at 370.
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s judgment.
-4-