United States v. Lewis

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 06a0035n.06
Filed: January 11, 2006
04-3785
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
LEON CURTIS LEWIS, ) SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO
)
Defendant-Appellant. )
Before: NELSON, DAUGHTREY, and SUTTON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. The defendant, Leon Curtis Lewis, was convicted in 1990 of drug-
trafficking, including a charge of conspiracy. This appeal represents at least his fourth
effort in this court to overturn his conviction and/or sentence. He now claims that the
district court erred when it declined to reconsider its previous order dismissing his motion,
filed pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 35, to revise the sentence imposed
as a result of the conspiracy conviction. The district court initially held that it lacked
jurisdiction to consider the merits of the Rule 35 motion and reiterated that ruling on motion
to reconsider. The court also denied relief under Rule 32.
The defendant was charged by indictment in August 1989 with 11 counts of narcotic-
related offenses. The first of these counts charged the defendant with conspiracy to
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United States v. Lewis
distribute and possession with intent to distribute cocaine and cocaine base from 1986
through, and including, July 26, 1989. Counts 2 through 8 concerned conduct that
occurred prior to November 1, 1987. Counts 9 through 11 charged conduct that occurred
in 1988 and 1989. The defendant was convicted on all counts in January 1990. In June
1990, the district court sentenced the defendant to 293 months on counts 1, 6, 8, 10, and
11; 240 months on counts 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9; and 60 months on count 4. All these sentences
were calculated under the United States Sentencing Guidelines, and all of them were to be
served concurrently. The defendant appealed his conviction to this court, which affirmed
the conviction. United States v. Lewis, No. 90-3604, 929 F.2d 702, 1991 WL 43903 (6th
Cir. March 29, 1991) (“Lewis I”).
In January 1992, the defendant filed a pro se motion to vacate his sentence under
28 U.S.C. § 2255, raising ineffective assistance of counsel claims. In December of the
same year, the district court issued an opinion and order denying the motion as
procedurally barred, finding that the motion was based on issues that had been decided
in the direct appeal, or in the alternative, that were without merit. One month later, the
defendant filed a motion for relief from judgment raising the same claims that were
addressed in his direct appeal and first § 2255 motion. The district court denied this motion
on March 2, 1993. In February 1995, the defendant, represented by counsel, filed a
second § 2255 motion to vacate his sentence, claiming violations of the Double Jeopardy
Clause, ineffective assistance of counsel, and sentencing errors. The district court denied
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United States v. Lewis
the motion in December, and we affirmed on February 4,1997. See Lewis v. United States,
No. 96-3092, 107 F.3d 11, 1997 WL 49028, at *1 (6th Cir. Feb. 4,1997) (“Lewis II”).
Then, on October 8, 1998, the defendant filed a motion to modify his sentence
pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 35. He argued that sentencing in his case
under the United States Sentencing Guidelines was in error because Counts 2-8 were
offenses committed prior to November 1, 1987, the effective date of the guidelines. The
defendant sought a new sentencing hearing, as well as a hearing to challenge the court’s
relevant conduct findings on those counts that were properly subject to the guidelines. In
April 2000, the district court issued an order granting in part and denying in part the
defendant’s motion. The judge modified the defendant’s sentence to make him eligible for
parole on Counts 2-8. The defendant appealed that order, claiming that it was error not to
grant a rehearing on other aspects of the original sentence. We affirmed the district court’s
order and dismissed the defendant’s appeal. United States v. Lewis, No. 00-3682, 2001
WL 1006280, at *3 (6th Cir. August 24, 2001) (per curiam) (“Lewis III”).
One month later, the defendant filed a second Rule 35 motion claiming that his
sentence on Count 1, conspiracy, should also have been imposed according to the pre-
Guidelines regime. In addition, he asserted that his sentence was illegal because the
sentencing judge had not complied with Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 by failing
to make any notations on the pre-sentence report or indicating that he would not rely on
items in the report to which the defendant had objected. In its February 8, 2002, opinion
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and order, the district court determined that it did not have jurisdiction to consider the
defendant’s Rule 35 motion and, therefore, denied it. Specifically, the judge found that the
conspiracy count was a “straddling offense” that encompassed overt acts both before and
after the effective date of the guidelines and was therefore subject to guideline sentencing.
Based on this determination, the court referred to the “new” version of Rule 35, which
allows a revision of sentence only if a motion is filed within seven days of sentencing or if
certain conditions not present in the defendant’s case are met. Because the defendant’s
motion came more than a decade after his sentencing, the judge was prohibited from
granting it.1 The court did not address the Rule 32 claim.
Over a year later, on February 14, 2003, the defendant filed a motion for
reconsideration, raising the same arguments that were in his original motion.2 On
September 29, 2003, the district court denied the motion to reconsider, reiterating the
reasoning behind the denial of the motion to revise the defendant’s sentence under Rule
35 and also ruling that, as reflected by the record, there had been full compliance with Rule
32 at the time of sentencing.
1
The district court also considered whether it had jurisdiction if the claim were treated as if the motion had
been filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 and reached the same conclusion, finding that if the defendant’s motion were
construed as a § 2255 motion, it would either be time-barred as beyond the one-year statute of limitations or procedurally
barred as a successive petition not certified by this court.
2
The defendant claimed that he did not receive notice of the district court’s February 8, 2002, denial of his
original Rule 35 motion until January 28, 2003, and that he mailed his motion for reconsideration on February 14, 2003.
He argues that his late filing of the motion should be excused. However, the failure to file a timely notice of appeal
deprives the appellate court of jurisdiction, under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b), and a late-filed motion to
reconsider fails to toll the running of the time period in Rule 4.
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The defendant filed a notice of appeal from the judge’s order denying
reconsideration on October 10, 2003, but upon review of the filing dates, we noted that the
motion to reconsider was untimely and, therefore, did not toll the period for filing an appeal
from the underlying order. As a result, we held that we had jurisdiction to review only the
denial of the motion to reconsider and not the denial of the original Rule 35 motion. We
therefore dismissed the appeal insofar as it applied to the decision of February 8, 2002.
We now have before us only the denial of reconsideration.
We review a district court's decision to deny a motion to reconsider for abuse of
discretion. See Horton v. Potter, 369 F.3d 906, 909 (6th Cir. 2004), citing Sommer v.
Davis, 317 F.3d 686, 691 (6th Cir. 2003). We find none in this case. Because the district
court merely restated the reasons for denying the Rule 35 motion, that ruling is not subject
to review. Moreover, the district court had no jurisdiction to entertain that portion of the
motion to reconsider that raised a claim under Rule 32, because Rule 32 “does not provide
the district court with jurisdiction to hear a motion making a post-judgment collateral attack
on one's sentence.” United States v. Sarduy, 838 F.2d 157, 158 (6th Cir. 1988).
Even if we could review the underlying decision, there would simply be no basis on
which to hold that the defendant’s sentence on the conspiracy count was subject to revision
more than a decade after it was imposed. The district court correctly identified decisions
of this court holding that when a conspiracy encompasses dates both before and after the
effective date of the sentencing guidelines, the sentence for such a crime is properly
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United States v. Lewis
determined according to the guidelines. See, e.g., United States v. Chambers, 944 F.2d
1253, 1269-70 (6th Cir. 1991), superceded by statute on other grounds as recognized in
United States v. Avery, 128 F.3d 966 (6th Cir. 1997);United States v. Edgecomb, 910 F.2d
1309, 1311 (6th Cir. 1990); United States v. Walton, 908 F.2d 1289, 1300 (6th Cir. 1990).
Finally, we note that the defendant contends on appeal that he should benefit from
the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). However,
the Supreme Court has not made Booker applicable to cases on post-conviction review.
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the decision of the district court to deny the
defendant’s motion for reconsideration.
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