United States v. Acres, Craig A.

UNPUBLISHED ORDER
Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted April 5, 2005
Decided April 6, 2005
Before
Hon. KENNETH F. RIPPLE, Circuit Judge
Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
Hon. ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge
No. 04-4343
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States
Plaintiff-Appellee, District Court for the Central
District of Illinois
v.
No. 99-30048
CRAIG A. ACRES,
Defendant-Appellant. Jeanne E. Scott,
Judge.
ORDER
While serving a five-year term of supervised release for bank fraud,
18 U.S.C. § 1344, Craig Acres tested positive for and admitted to using cocaine. The
district court consequently revoked his supervised release and imposed a 21-month
term of imprisonment. Acres filed a notice of appeal, but his appointed lawyer now
moves to withdraw because he cannot discern a nonfrivolous basis for the appeal.
See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). Acres was notified that he could
respond to the Anders brief, but he did not do so. Because counsel’s brief is facially
adequate, we review only the potential issues it identifies. See United States v.
Johnson, 248 F.3d 655, 667–68 (7th Cir. 2001).
In March 2004, four years into his five-year term of supervised release, Acres
tested positive for cocaine, and later admitted his use to his probation officer. Over
No. 04-4343 Page 2
the next seven months, Acres failed on several occasions to submit urine samples,
and on several other occasions failed to participate in his mandated drug-
dependence treatment. After Acres again tested positive in October 2004, his
probation officer petitioned the court to revoke his supervised release.
Acres admitted to the charges against him. Because the most serious of those
charges—possession of a controlled substance— is punishable in Illinois by a term
of imprisonment exceeding one year, see 720 ILCS 570/402(c); 730 ILCS
5/5-8-1(a)(7), the court found that Acres had committed a Grade B violation, see
U.S.S.G. § 7B1.1(a)(2). With a criminal history category of VI, Acres was subject to
a recommended sentencing range of 21–27 months. See U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4(a). The
court, acknowledging that it was not bound by this recommendation, decided to
impose a sentence of 21 months.
Counsel first considers a possible challenge to the way in which the district
court calculated the recommended sentencing range. As counsel notes, although
Acres was charged with possessing a controlled substance, he was not specifically
charged with doing so in violation of Illinois law. Acres therefore asked the court to
treat his offense not as a felony violation of state law, but rather as a misdemeanor
violation of federal law, see 21 U.S.C. § 844(a), and thus as a Grade C violation
carrying a recommended sentencing range of 8–14 months. Counsel now asks
whether Acres could argue that the court erred by denying this request and treating
his offense as a Grade B violation.
In reviewing a supervised-release revocation, we will disturb the court’s
factual findings and discretionary decisions only if they are “plainly unreasonable.”
United States v. Salinas, 365 F.3d 582, 588 (7th Cir. 2004); cf. United States v.
Fleming, 397 F.3d 95, 99 & n.5 (2d Cir. 2005) (holding that the “plainly
unreasonable” standard of review in supervised-release cases is superseded by the
“reasonableness” standard of United States v. Booker, ___ U.S. ___, 125 S. Ct. 738
(2005)). Given that Acres (an Illinois resident) did not deny that he was in Illinois
when he used cocaine, it would be frivolous to argue that it was unreasonable for
the court to treat his offense as a violation of Illinois law and to sentence him
accordingly.
Counsel also considers a challenge to the court’s classification of Acres’
original offense, which in turn defines the maximum sentence that can be imposed
upon revocation of supervised release. Bank fraud is punishable by up to 30 years’
imprisonment, see 18 U.S.C. § 1344, and is thus considered a Class B felony, see
18 U.S.C. § 3559(a)(2), exposing Acres to a maximum revocation sentence of three
years, see 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3). Counsel asks whether Acres could argue that the
classification of his offense under § 3559 should have been determined not by the
No. 04-4343 Page 3
maximum sentence authorized by the bank fraud statute (30 years), but by the
maximum authorized under the Sentencing Guidelines at the time of Acres’ original
sentencing (18 months)—which would make it a Class E felony, authorizing a
revocation sentence of no more than a year. Counsel correctly notes that there is no
precedent for such an interpretation of § 3559, which has been flatly rejected by at
least one federal appellate court, see United States v. Cunningham, 292 F.3d 115,
118–19 (2d Cir. 2002), and we agree with counsel that it would be frivolous to
proceed with such an argument in this case.
We therefore GRANT counsel’s motion to withdraw and DISMISS the appeal.