United States v. Davies, Richard

UNPUBLISHED ORDER
Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted September 22, 2005
Decided September 22, 2005
Before
Hon. JOHN L. COFFEY, Circuit Judge
Hon. ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge
Hon. DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
No. 05-1664
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States
Plaintiff-Appellee, District Court for the
Central District of Illinois.
v.
No. 03-20024-001
RICHARD DAVIES,
Defendant-Appellant. Michael P. McCuskey, Chief Judge.
ORDER
Richard Davies pleaded guilty to possessing more than 50 grams of crack with
the intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), and because he had three prior drug
convictions he faced a mandatory term of life in prison, id. § 841(b)(1)(A). At
sentencing, which took place after the Supreme Court issued its decision in United
States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. 738 (2005), the government filed a motion under 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(e) that allowed the district court to impose a sentence below the mandatory term
to recognize Davies’ substantial assistance. After consulting the guidelines as advisory,
the district court sentenced Davies to 216 months’ imprisonment. Davies filed a notice
of appeal, but his appointed lawyer now moves to withdraw because she cannot discern
No. 05-1664 Page 2
a nonfrivolous basis for the appeal. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). We
notified Davies that he could respond to counsel’s motion, see Cir. R. 51(b), but he did
not. Because counsel’s supporting brief is facially adequate, we review only the
potential issues it identifies. See United States v. Tabb, 125 F.3d 583, 584 (7th Cir.
1997).
A defendant who faces enhancement under § 841(b)(1)(A) because of drug type
and quantity must be sentenced to “life imprisonment” if he already has two prior
felony drug convictions. 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A). The only exceptions are when
substantial assistance is recognized, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e), or under the “safety valve,”
id. § 3553(f). United States v. Simpson, 337 F.3d 905, 909 (7th Cir. 2003). Here the
district judge reduced Davies’ sentence under § 3553(e) by first equating “life
imprisonment” with 360 months and then reducing that term by 40%. This reduction,
the court reasoned, recognized Davies’ cooperation but still adequately accounted for
the seriousness of his offense, provided an opportunity for rehabilitation, and yielded
a punishment proportionate to sentences imposed on others similarly situated.
Counsel first considers whether Davies might argue that the district court should
have disregarded the statutorily mandated life term altogether and instead applied its
40% reduction against the guideline range of 151 to 188 months that he would have
faced if not for his prior convictions. But this argument would be frivolous because life
imprisonment was the guideline range. See U.S.S.G. § 5G1.1(b) (“Where a statutorily
required minimum sentence is greater than the maximum of the applicable guideline
range, the statutorily required minimum sentence shall be the guideline sentence.”);
United States v. Hayes, 5 F.3d 292, 294-95 (7th Cir. 1992). These prior convictions did
not need to be proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt before they factored into
Davies’ sentence, and the district judge did not have authority to disregard the
statutorily prescribed sentence. United States v. Duncan, 413 F.3d 680, 683 (7th Cir.
2005); United States v. Douglas, 408 F.3d 922, 929-30 (7th Cir. 2005).
Counsel also considers arguing that the 216-month term is unreasonably long.
This, too, would be a frivolous contention. The district court disregarded the
government’s recommendation for a sentence of 324 months and settled on a term
almost 10 years shorter. The term imposed on Davies, who was 37 years old at the time
of sentencing, is below the statutory and guideline minimum, and it will be an unusual
case where a sentence below the guideline range is unreasonable. See United States
v. George, 403 F.3d 470, 473 (7th Cir. 2005). Here the court adequately justified the
overall sentence by relying on the factors outlined in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Counsel has
not identified any basis for us to conclude that the term is unreasonable.
Counsel’s motion to withdraw is GRANTED, and the appeal is DISMISSED.
No. 05-1664 Page 3