Goce Kocev v. Eric Holder, Jr.

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted February 17, 2010*
Decided March 8, 2010
Before
FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Chief Judge
DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
ANN C LAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge
No. 09-2188
GOCE KOCEV AND OLGA KOCEVA,
Petitioners, Petition for Review of an Or-
der of the Board of Immigra-
v. tion Appeals.
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR.,
Attorney General of the United States
Respondent.
Order
Goce Kocev is a citizen of Macedonia and his wife, Olga Koceva, a citizen of Croatia.
They petition for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals denying their
motion to reopen removal proceedings.
The Kocevs, who came to the United States on tourist visas in 1989, did not leave
when their visas expired. They applied in 1991 for asylum and withholding of removal,
contending that they feared persecution because of political opinion and their mixed-
nationality marriage. They admitted, however, that they had come to the United States
for educational and economic reasons. An administrative law judge did not believe their
testimony about their asserted fear of persecution and ordered them removed from the
United States. The Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed in 1997 but granted the
Kocevs the privilege of voluntary departure.
They neither departed nor sought judicial review. When immigration officials dis-
covered in 2008 that the Kocevs are still in the United States, they asked the Board to
* After examining the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral argument is unnecessary. See
Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); Cir. R. 34(f).
No. 09-2188 Page 2
reopen the proceedings on the ground that their lawyer had provided deficient assis-
tance. They also sought cancellation of removal under the Nicaraguan Adjustment and
Central American Relief Act, 111 Stat. 2160 (1997). The Board denied this motion as un-
timely. Aliens have 90 days to seek reopening, unless the motion is based (as the
Kocevs’ was not) on changed conditions in the country to which they would be re-
moved. 8 U.S.C. §1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). The Kocevs took more than a decade. They asked
for equitable tolling of the deadline, but the Board concluded that their lack of diligence
disqualified them from that dispensation. (The Kocevs blame their lawyer for not noti-
fying them of the Board’s 1997 decision, but they concede learning of that decision no
later than 2005, and they did nothing until they were caught in 2008.)
The Board’s decision not to reopen is reviewable for abuse of discretion. Kucana v.
Holder, No. 08-911 (U.S. Jan. 20, 2010). We held in Munoz de Real v. Holder, No. 09-1945
(7th Cir. Feb. 11, 2010), that declining to reopen a proceeding at the behest of an alien
who waited almost seven years to seek that remedy is not an abuse of discretion; we
also concluded that an alien who invokes principles of equitable tolling must act with
dispatch on his own behalf, and that bad advice from one’s own lawyer does not sup-
port equitable tolling of a statutory deadline. See also Johnson v. McBride, 381 F.3d 587(7th Cir. 2004); Modrowski v. Mote, 322 F.3d 965 (7th Cir. 2003). The Kocevs waited
longer than Munoz did; and even if we treat their delay as “only” three years, that is
still twelve times the statutory limit. The Board did not abuse its discretion here.
The Kocevs also contend that the Board should have reopened sua sponte. The statu-
tory time limit applies to motions filed by aliens but not actions initiated by the agency
itself. 8 C.F.R. §1003.2(a). It is difficult to see how one could apply the label “sua sponte”
to a decision that responds directly to the alien’s motion. See Calderon v. Thompson, 523
U.S. 538, 553–54 (1998). But we need not pursue that subject—nor need we decide
whether sua sponte decisions are reviewed for abuse of discretion (as we assumed in
Munoz) or are not reviewable at all (as we held in Pilch v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 585, 586 (7th
Cir. 2003), on the theory that there is no law to apply). Abuse of discretion is the ap-
proach most favorable to the aliens, and for reasons already given the Board did not
abuse its discretion.
The petition for review is denied.