Scott Putnam v. Carolyn Colvin

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted May 31, 2016 *
Decided June 1, 2016
Before
FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge
MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge
No. 15-2321
SCOTT MICHAEL PUTNAM, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division.
v.
No. 13 C 1587
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
Acting Commissioner of Social Security Mary M. Rowland,
Defendant-Appellee. Magistrate Judge.
ORDER
In pursuing disability insurance benefits from the Social Security Administration,
Scott Putnam, age 40, asserts that he cannot work. He says that he was disabled during
the 76 days between October 17, 2006 (the day after his first Social Security claim was
denied, a decision that Putnam is precluded from relitigating, see Meredith v. Bowen, 833
F.2d 650, 652–53 & n.2 (7th Cir. 1987)), and December 31, 2006 (his date last insured). A
*
After examining the briefs and record, we have concluded that oral argument is
unnecessary. Thus the appeal is submitted on the briefs and record. See FED. R. APP. P.
34(a)(2)(C).
No. 15-2321 Page 2
year earlier, the Department of Veterans Affairs had determined that, under its
disability-benefits program, Putnam was entitled to benefits for his service-related
disability (rated at 100%). In seeking additional benefits from the Social Security
Administration, he alleges two main sets of impairments: physical (knee pain) and
mental (depression and anxiety). He has abandoned an appellate argument about other
impairments, so we need not discuss them. An ALJ denied Putnam’s application (and
the district court agreed), concluding that Putnam’s anxiety and depression were not
severe impairments and that his knee pain did not render him disabled. The ALJ’s
decision is supported by substantial evidence, so we affirm.
Putnam’s knee pain, which stems from an injury in the military in 1995, has
varied over time. Initially, by taking anti-inflammatory medications and muscle
relaxers, and avoiding high-impact activities and prolonged standing or walking, he
functioned well. He swam, used public transit, and walked to his medical clinic from
the train until he injured his knee again in 2005. After he re-injured his knee, he was
warned not to bear weight on it temporarily, but he told his doctor that he was able to,
and he declined orthopedic appointments in 2006. During the 76 days at issue in his
claim, Putnam reported that his medication controlled his knee pain and that he was
walking daily, although he limped and used a cane. Shortly after the 76 days ended,
Putnam again reported that his medications still helped his knee pain, which he rated at
3 or 4 on a scale of 10. About three years later, after he was no longer insured, the
situation changed. In 2009 Putnam’s severe knee pain had returned, and his
primary-care physician opined that Putnam could not sit more than an hour or walk or
stand more than 15 minutes.
The evidence about depression and anxiety also varies. In 2005 Putnam told
doctors that he was moody, tearful, depressed, and anxious because of his physical
disability. Doctors from the Veterans Health Administration opined that he had
memory and concentration difficulties. His scores of Global Assessment of Functioning,
a controversial measure of mental health, reflected serious to moderate symptoms and
possible impairments in functioning. See Price v. Colvin, 794 F.3d 836, 839 (7th Cir. 2015)
(explaining that the GAF scale is used to rate a person’s adjustment to psychological
and daily living challenges, but the scale has been criticized for its subjectivity); Voigt v.
Colvin, 781 F.3d 871, 874 (7th Cir. 2015) (explaining that the American Psychiatric
Association has eliminated the GAF scale as unreliable). But Putnam decided not to
pursue the mental-health treatment that the veterans’ program offered him. During the
76 days, he declined an appointment for counseling, and he ignored several attempts to
No. 15-2321 Page 3
contact him for treatment. As a result, his doctors discharged him from the treatment
program.
No further evidence of mental impairments appears until two years after the
76 days ended. Putnam complained to a doctor in 2008 that for several years he had
been experiencing mild depression and anxiety. But he also reported to his doctors that
he was able to do housework and run errands. A physician prescribed antipsychotic
and antianxiety medications, and Putnam’s mood stabilized with no apparent side
effects. His social worker reported that he declined to attend several sessions in 2009.
Over a year later Dr. Lisa Polsby opined that Putnam’s mental health impairments had
disabled him from working, functioning socially, and concentrating since 2005, though
she did not begin to treat him until 2010 and her progress notes said that medication
stabilized his moods. A year later, Dr. Donald Koziol opined that Putnam’s depression
and anxiety prevented him from working, but he saw Putnam only four times,
beginning in 2010.
A hearing before an ALJ supplemented this evidence. First Putnam testified. He
acknowledged that he had participated in a work-study program in early 2006. But, he
asserted, his knee pain forced him to use a cane or walker, his feet swelled, and he
frequently fell asleep from the side effects of his knee medications. (The last two
assertions are not reflected in treatment notes.) Regarding his mental health, Putnam
recalled that before 2006 he experienced anxiety, some crying spells, panic attacks, and
difficulty sleeping and concentrating. The ALJ asked Putnam to explain why, during
the 76-day period, Putnam had ignored his doctor’s offers to treat his mental health.
Putnam replied that he did not want to go through the mental-health assessment, and
the inclement weather and his assistive device made it hard to get to the clinic (though
treatment notes from this period reflect that he was walking daily). He acknowledged
that medication has helped decrease his panic attacks in social interactions.
A medical expert and vocational expert also testified. Dr. Laura Rosch reviewed
Putnam’s medical records and testified that his knee causes chronic pain, so he should
be limited to sedentary work with no exposure to hazards or heights, no climbing, and
no loud noises. She also noted that Putnam had been diagnosed with and treated for
anxiety and depression, but the record was not sufficient to establish their severity. The
vocational expert testified that Putnam could not return to his previous work as a
forklift driver or cook, but, under the limitations suggested by Dr. Rosch, he could work
as a sorter, assembler, or bench packager.
No. 15-2321 Page 4
The ALJ denied Putnam’s claim using the five-step framework for determining
benefit eligibility. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). Putnam had not engaged in substantial
gainful activity (step 1); his left knee injury was a severe impairment, but his depression
or anxiety were not (step 2); his impairment did not equal a listed impairment (step 3);
he was unable to perform his past relevant work, but he could perform sedentary work.
That work, the ALJ specified, must allow him to use his assistive device and may not
involve frequent stooping, bending, kneeling, crouching, or crawling; any climbing or
heights; any loud noises and concentrated exposure to hazards, dust, and fumes
(step 4). With these restrictions, the ALJ concluded at step 5 that Putnam could work as
a sorter, assembler, or bench packager.
The ALJ explained why he discredited Putnam’s assertion that his knee pain
disabled him from working. During the 76 days Putnam had told his doctors that his
pain was controlled by his medications and that he walked daily. The ALJ also observed
that, in the times surrounding that period, Putnam told his doctors that his pain was
only a 3 or 4 on a scale of 10. Putnam had also returned to work, used public
transportation, walked to the medical clinic from the train, ran errands, and completed
housework. And, the ALJ explained, Putnam had considered himself fit enough both to
disregard his doctor’s advice not to bear weight on his knee and to decline orthopedic
appointments. These activities and decisions belied his claim that his knee pain was
disabling.
The ALJ further explained why he gave no weight to the mental-health opinions
from Putnam’s two doctors. First, treatment notes did not support Dr. Polsby’s opinion.
According to those notes, medications had stabilized Putnam’s moods, Putnam
experienced no adverse side effects, and he was feeling less anxious. Second, both
opinions were too remote in time. Dr. Polsby saw Putnam over three years after the
76 days had ended, and Dr. Koziol saw Putnam only four times, starting more than four
years after the 76 days.
On appeal Putnam first argues that the ALJ wrongly discredited his two doctors’
opinions. And by discrediting them, Putnam continues, the ALJ erred at step 2 in
finding that his anxiety and depression were not severe and again at step 4 in not
incorporating their opinions in assessing his remaining capacity to work. But the ALJ
permissibly reasoned that, because these opinions were not supported by treatment
records and were too remote in time, he need not accept them. Dr. Polsby’s notes show
that drugs had corrected Putnam’s mood swings without adverse side effects. And the
opinions, rendered several years after the 76 days, contained no reason to believe that
No. 15-2321 Page 5
they were based on Putnam’s condition at that time. See Loveless v. Colvin, 810 F.3d 502,
507 (7th Cir. 2016); Filus v. Astrue, 694 F.3d 863, 868–69 (7th Cir. 2012).
Putnam next contends that the ALJ should have looked at the records outside the
76 days to evaluate his depression and anxiety. But the ALJ did examine all of Putnam’s
medical history, including treatment outside the relevant period, to infer his
mental-health condition within that period. See Groves v. Apfel, 148 F.3d 809, 810–11
(7th Cir. 1998) (evidence from previous benefits denial used to fill gaps in later benefits
claim). Yet, as the ALJ correctly observed, from 2005 through 2010 Putnam sought
“sporadic treatment at best,” and when he sought it, it stabilized any mood swings. This
history implied that Putnam was not disabled.
Putnam next argues that the ALJ did not follow 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520a. This
regulation requires the ALJ to determine how any mental impairments affect daily
activities, social functioning, concentration, persistence, and pace, and ability to cope
with stressors. See Craft v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 668, 674–75 (7th Cir. 2008). Putnam contends
that the ALJ omitted this regulation from his analysis, but any omission was harmless:
The ALJ reasonably explained that Putnam’s mental-health impairments could not be
chronically severe because he had declined treatment during the relevant period and for
years later, despite its ready availability. See Pepper v. Colvin, 712 F.3d 351, 365–67
(7th Cir. 2013). The ALJ also permissibly discounted Putnam’s proffered excuse for
declining treatment—that it was difficult for him to get to the appointments—because
Putnam had reported that he walked daily during this same time and that his knee pain
was under control.
Finally Putnam argues that the ALJ erred at step 3 in finding that none of his
impairments equal a listed impairment. See 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, App. 1. But
Putnam fails to specify which impairment the ALJ ignored, and undeveloped
arguments are waived. See Schomas v. Colvin, 732 F.3d 702, 708 (7th Cir. 2013). In any
case, elsewhere in the decision the ALJ reasonably credited the opinion of Dr. Rosch,
who, after reviewing the record and regulations, said Putnam’s impairments did not
equal the listings. See Curvin v. Colvin, 778 F.3d 645, 650–51 (7th Cir. 2015); Johansen v.
Barnhart, 314 F.3d 283, 287–88 (7th Cir. 2002). And the ALJ further explained that, under
listings 1.02, 1.03, and 1.04, Putnam’s knee injury did not qualify as a listed impairment
because he was able to walk with a cane during the relevant period.
AFFIRMED.