United States v. Scott Schupp

United States Court of Appeals
For the Eighth Circuit
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No. 12-1440
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United States of America
lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee
v.
Scott Alan Schupp
lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
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Appeal from United States District Court
for the Northern District of Iowa - Cedar Rapids
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Submitted: September 18, 2012
Filed: September 25, 2012
[Unpublished]
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Before WOLLMAN, LOKEN, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Scott Schupp was charged with possession of photos showing him sexually
abusing an 11 year old girl, and then pled guilty to production of child pornography
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a). The district court1 calculated his guideline range
to be the 360 month statutory maximum. After adjusting the sentence downward to
reflect time served as part of a related state sentence, the district court sentenced him
to 327 months imprisonment and 15 years of supervised release. Schupp appeals his
sentence, arguing that the district court erred in not taking his lack of criminal history
into account and that his sentence was substantively unreasonable. We affirm.
Schupp had taken pictures of himself sexually abusing the 11 year old daughter
of the woman with whom he was living. Schupp would enter the victim's room with
a flashlight in order to photograph her vagina and take pictures of him touching her
private parts. Police discovered these photos on Schupp's computer. He was
convicted of third degree sexual abuse in Iowa state court and sentenced to an
indefinite prison term of up to 10 years plus a life term of probation. Schupp also
pled guilty to federal charges of "us[ing] and attempt[ing] to use a minor female to
engage in sexually explicit conduct, specifically, the lascivious display of the
genitals, for the purpose of producing one or more visual depictions of such conduct
by use of camera." See 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a), (e).
The federal presentence investigation report (PSR) calculated Schupp's
guideline range to be the statutory maximum of 360 months imprisonment and a
supervised release term of between 5 years and life. The federal sentencing
guidelines recommended the maximum term of supervised release since Schupp had
committed a sex offense. See U.S.S.G. § 5D1.2(b). Schupp filed a motion for a
downward variance based on his lack of criminal history. The government opposed
the motion, arguing that Schupp's offense was serious and that he posed a danger to
the community.
1
The Honorable Linda R. Reade, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the Northern District of Iowa.
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In rejecting a downward variance, the district court noted that Schupp's abuse
against a child under his care had occurred on multiple occasions over a sustained
period of time. While Schupp did not have a criminal history, the district court
observed that this was true of most child pornography defendants. A downward
variance would violate § 3553(a)(6)'s admonishment that defendants with similar
records should receive similar sentences.
After adjusting for time served in the related state case, the court sentenced
Schupp to 327 months and 15 years of supervised release. The district court stated
that "I have intentionally imposed the 15 years on his federal time because of the type
of treatment and supervision we have available in the federal system." Schupp
appeals his sentence of imprisonment and supervised release, arguing that the court
did not take his lack of criminal history into account and that the sentence was
substantively unreasonable.
This court reviews interpretations and applications of the sentencing guidelines
de novo, and factual findings for clear error. United States v. Betone, 636 F.3d 384,
388 (8th Cir. 2011). We first ensure that the "district court committed no significant
procedural error, such as . . . failing to consider the § 3553(a) factors . . . or failing to
adequately explain the chosen sentence." United States v. Bain, 586 F.3d 634, 637
(8th Cir. 2009) (citation and quotation omitted). If the decision is procedurally sound,
we review the substantive reasonableness of the sentence for abuse of discretion. Id.
A sentence within the guideline range is presumptively reasonable. United States v.
Robinson, 516 F.3d 716, 717 (8th Cir. 2008).
Schupp argues that the district court did not take into account his lack of a
criminal history in refusing to grant him a downward variance. The district court
examined this argument but found a variance inappropriate "in this type of offense
and for this particular man." It acknowledged that absence of criminal history could
"form the basis, even sole basis, for a downward variance." See United States v.
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Chase, 560 F.3d 828, 831 (8th Cir. 2009), but it elected not to vary in light of the
seriousness of the case and the danger Schupp posed to children.
The district court committed no procedural error. Contrary to Schupp's
argument, the district court did not categorically deny any possibility of a variance
for lack of criminal history. Instead, the court "looked at Mr. Schupp as an individual
and his specific characteristics and background and criminal offense" and decided
against a variance. The district court exercised its "substantial latitude to determine
how much weight to give the various factors under § 3553(a)." United States v.
Ruelas-Mendez, 556 F.3d 655, 657 (8th Cir. 2009).
Schupp's lack of prior criminal history also did not make his sentence
substantively unreasonable. The district court issued a sentence within the guideline
range after a lengthy consideration of the § 3553 factors. It noted that Schupp's
conduct was serious, that he presented a danger to the community, and that he had
abused a particularly vulnerable victim. The district court did not abuse its discretion
in imposing the guideline sentence.
Schupp also argues that the court erred in sentencing him to 15 years of
supervised release. As Schupp did not object to the district court's treatment of this
factor at sentencing, we review the district court for plain error. United States v.
Woods, 642 F.3d 640, 645 (8th Cir. 2011). If there is no procedural error, we review
the substantive reasonableness of the sentence for abuse of discretion. Bain, 586 F.3d
at 637.
No procedural error has been shown. The district court discussed the
significance of Schupp's lack of criminal history at sentencing, and Schupp points to
no authority indicating that a separate analysis for purpose of supervised release is
required.
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The supervised release term was also substantively reasonable. The statute
authorizes supervised release of between 5 years and life. The district court's term
of 15 years is "presumptively reasonable because it fell within the parameters of 18
U.S.C. § 3583." United States v. Primers, 361 F. App'x 701, 702 (8th Cir. 2010) (per
curiam) (unpublished). Given the district court's discussion of Schupp's danger to
children and the seriousness of his offense, the 15 year term of supervised release is
not unreasonable.
Finally, we stress that the district court justified Schupp's 15 year term of
supervised release "because of the type of treatment and supervision that we have
available in the federal system." In Tapia v. United States, 131 S. Ct. 2382 (2011),
the Supreme Court held that the a criminal defendant cannot have a term of
imprisonment imposed or lengthened "in order to foster [his] rehabilitation." Id. at
2386.
This court has not yet determined whether Tapia applies to the imposition of
supervised release. In United States v. Olson, 667 F.3d 958 (8th Cir. 2012), however,
we indicated that a district court "may order a special condition of supervised release
which is reasonably related to the . . . treatment of the defendant's correctional needs."
Id. at 963. Tapia relied on language in 18 U.S.C. § 3582(a) stating that
"imprisonment is not an appropriate means of promoting correction and
rehabilitation." 131 S. Ct. at 2388. This language is however not present in § 3583
which governs supervised release terms. Instead, § 3583(d) mandates that the court
assign defendants to rehabilitation programs in certain domestic abuse cases, and it
generally instructs courts to consider whether the terms and conditions of the
supervised release will serve the defendant's correctional interests. 18 U.S.C. §
3583(c) (citing 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(D)). For these reasons, we conclude that Tapia
does not apply to the imposition of supervised release.
The sentence of the district court is affirmed.
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