United States v. Penny Grape

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 04-3185
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the
* District of Nebraska
Penny J. Grape, *
* [UNPUBLISHED]
Appellant. *
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Submitted: May 11, 2005
Filed: June 2, 2005
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Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, MURPHY, and BENTON, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Penny Jane Grape appeals her 57-month sentence, after pleading guilty to
conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine, and to forfeiture of $14,430. 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841 (a)(1), (b)(1); 21 U.S.C. § 846. At sentencing, Grape objected to the
constitutionality of the Sentencing Guidelines, and to two enhancements for weapons
and additional amounts of drugs, citing Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. ___, 124 S.
Ct. 2531 (2004). The district court sustained Grape's objection to the enhancements,
but imposed a guidelines sentence based on facts stipulated in her plea agreement.
Jurisdiction being proper under 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291, this court
remands for new sentencing in light of United States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. 738 (2005).
This case does not present a Sixth Amendment violation because Grape
stipulated to the facts used to calculate her sentence. See Booker, 125 S. Ct. at 769.
Still, the district court (understandably) erred by applying the guidelines as
mandatory. See United States v. Pirani, 406 F.3d 543, 553 (8th Cir. 2005) (en banc).
Grape's objections at sentencing properly preserved the issue that mandatory
guidelines are unconstitutional. See id. at 549-50. Thus, the government must
demonstrate the error was harmless. See Booker, 125 S. Ct. at 769; United States v.
Garcia, 406 F.3d 527, 529 (8th Cir. 2005); United States v. Haidley, 400 F.3d 642,
644 (8th Cir. 2005). This requires the government to prove that the error did not
affect the defendant's substantial rights. See Garcia, 406 F.3d at 529; Haidley, 400
F.3d at 645. For Booker error, the government must show the district court would
have imposed the same sentence applying the guidelines as advisory. See Garcia,
406 F.3d at 529; Haidley, 400 F.3d at 645.
This court has yet to decide "whether we review Booker sentencing errors to
determine if the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, Chapman
v.California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 (1967), or under the less stringent 'grave doubt' standard
announced in Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S. 750, 764-65 (1946)." Garcia, 406
F.3d at 529 n.2. In this case, the government repeatedly stated at oral argument that
applying the guidelines as mandatory, rather than advisory, is a constitutional error,
and that the government must prove the error harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
See Chapman, 386 U.S. at 24.
As in Haidley and Garcia, the district court here sentenced Grape at the bottom
of the guidelines range, and "nothing in the record suggests that the sentence would
be the same if the guidelines were advisory." See Garcia, 406 F.3d at 529; Haidley,
400 F.3d 645. See also United States v. Marcussen, 403 F.3d 982, 985 (8th Cir.
-2-
2005) (finding a Booker error harmless where district court gave an identical
alternative sentence, "were the mandatory guidelines scheme not in place"). Because
the government has failed to prove the error was harmless, this court must remand.
The judgment of the district court is reversed and the case remanded for
resentencing.
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