United States v. Roy Eugene Waters

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 04-2717
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, * Appeal from the United States
* District Court for the
v. * Western District of Missouri.
*
Roy Eugene Waters, * [UNPUBLISHED]
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: November 4, 2005
Filed: November 17, 2005
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Before BYE, McMILLIAN, and RILEY, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
A jury found Roy Eugene Waters guilty of one count of obstructing the
administration of the internal revenue laws or attempting to do so, in violation of 26
U.S.C. § 7212(a), and eight counts of structuring financial transactions to evade
currency reporting requirements or attempting to do so, in violation of 31 U.S.C.
§ 5324(a)(3). The district court1 sentenced him to concurrent terms of 36 months in
prison and a year of supervised release on the first count, and 97 months in prison and
1
The Honorable Gary A. Fenner, United States District Judge for the Western
District of Missouri.
3 years of supervised release on the remaining eight counts. For the reasons
discussed below, we affirm Waters’s convictions and sentence.
First, viewing the trial evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we
conclude that the jury could have rationally found all of the elements of the nine
charged offenses beyond a reasonable doubt. See United States v. Tensley, 334 F.3d
790, 793-94 (8th Cir. 2003) (standard of review). The evidence was sufficient to
show that Waters corruptly endeavored to obstruct or impede the administration of
the internal revenue laws through one or more of the acts alleged by the government.
See United States v. Wilson, 118 F.3d 228, 234 (4th Cir. 1997) (elements of
§ 7212(a)). The evidence was also sufficient to show that Waters engaged in the
eight charged acts of structuring, knowing that the banks were legally obligated to
report currency transactions over $10,000, and intending to evade that reporting
requirement. See United States v. MacPherson, 424 F.3d 183, 189 (2d Cir. 2005)
(elements of § 5324(a)(3)).
Second, the anti-structuring laws apply to private individuals, not just bank
employees. See United States v. Phipps, 81 F.3d 1056, 1058-59 (11th Cir. 1996).
Third, although the district court’s application of sentencing enhancements
based on judge-found facts within a mandatory Guidelines regime was erroneous in
light of the Supreme Court’s subsequent decision in United States v. Booker, 125 S.
Ct. 738 (2005), and although Waters properly preserved an objection at sentencing,
we conclude that the error is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Not only did the
district court sentence Waters at the top of the Guidelines imprisonment range, it also
responded to his objection by stating that it would impose an even longer prison
sentence if it were not bound by the Guidelines. See United States v. Red Elk,426
F.3d 948, 950-51 (8th Cir. 2005).
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Finally, we have considered the remaining arguments that Waters has presented
in his briefs, and we find them to be without merit.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
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