United States v. Vincent I. Adkins

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 01-1442
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, * Appeal from the United States
* District Court for the District
v. * of Nebraska.
*
Vincent I. Adkins, * [UNPUBLISHED]
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: August 21, 2001
Filed: August 27, 2001
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Before ROSS, FAGG, and BEAM, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
The Government indicted Vincent I. Adkins on two counts of violating 18 U.S.C.
§ 113(a)(3) for assaulting his Indian girlfriend with a dangerous weapon on the Omaha
Indian Reservation. Each count described the same substantive offense, but asserted
alternative bases for jurisdiction. Count I invoked jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 1152based on Adkins’s status as a non-Indian person. Count II invoked jurisdiction under
18 U.S.C. § 1153 based on Adkins’s status as an Indian. Adkins filed a motion to
dismiss, arguing the indictment was improperly based on falsehoods because his “birth
certificate and own statement indicate that he is not an Indian.” He then pleaded guilty
to Count I. Adkins now appeals, arguing the district court* lacked jurisdiction over the
offense charged in Count I because he is an Indian. Having reviewed the record de
novo, we affirm. See United States v. Lawrence, 51 F.3d 150, 151 (8th Cir. 1995).
Because Adkins did not show he has Indian blood and is recognized as an Indian
by a tribe or the federal government, we conclude Adkins is not an Indian for purposes
of federal criminal jurisdiction. See id. at 152. Both of Adkins’s parents of record
were Caucasian, and are now deceased. Adkins’s only claim to Native American
heritage is based on information he received that his biological father might not be the
father listed on his birth certificate. Although he knows the name and town of
residence of his putative Native American father, Adkins has not confirmed his
parentage. In addition, Adkins has offered no evidence of his “recognition” as an
Indian, such as enrollment in a tribe, receipt of tribal benefits or other benefits available
only to Indians, or social recognition as an Indian. See id.Adkins argues the Government conceded his Indian heritage by recounting his
story of uncertain parentage in the presentence investigation report and by charging him
as an Indian in Count II of the indictment. We disagree. Both the current and previous
presentence investigation reports conclude Adkins is Caucasian. Similarly, the
alternative counts do not concede heritage but rather provide comprehensive
jurisdiction regardless of heritage. See United States v. Driver, 945 F.2d 1410, 1414-
15 (8th Cir. 1991) (upholding jury verdicts as not inconsistent where defendant was
found guilty of assault with a deadly weapon under § 1152 as a non-Indian and under
§ 1153 as an Indian because defendant refused to stipulate to his heritage). In fact, the
relevant concession is Adkins’s pretrial statement that he is not an Indian. Because
Adkins is not an Indian, jurisdiction under § 1152 was proper. See United States v.
Ashley, No. 00-2189, 2001 WL 770523, at *4 n.3 (8th Cir. July 11, 2001).
*
The Honorable Joseph F. Bataillon, United States District Judge for the District
of Nebraska.
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Finding no reversible error, we thus affirm. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.
A true copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.
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