Vladimir Gutul v. Michael B. Mukasey

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 07-2435
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Vladimir Pavlovich Gutul, *
*
Petitioner, *
* Petition for Review of
v. * an Order of the Board
* of Immigration Appeals.
Michael B. Mukasey, Attorney General, *
* [UNPUBLISHED]
Respondent. *
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Submitted: May 16, 2008
Filed: August 29, 2008
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Before LOKEN, Chief Judge, BEAM and BYE, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Vladimir Pavlovich Gutul petitions for review of an order by the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA), affirming the decision of an immigration judge (IJ) to
deny Gutul's applications for asylum and withholding of removal.1 We deny the
petition.
1
The BIA also affirmed the IJ's denial of Gutul's application for relief under the
Convention Against Torture (CAT). Because Gutul has waived his CAT claim by
failing to present meaningful argument on it in his opening brief, we do not consider
it here. Chay-Velasquez v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 751, 756 (8th Cir. 2004).
We review the BIA's order as the final agency adjudication, and "the IJ's
findings and reasoning to the extent they were expressly adopted by the BIA."
Fofanah v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 1037, 1040 (8th Cir. 2006). We review questions of
law de novo and we review factual findings for substantial evidence, reversing only
if the evidence "'was so compelling that no reasonable factfinder could fail to find the
requisite fear of persecution.'" Zacarias-Velasquez v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 429, 433
(8th Cir. 2007) (quoting INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 483-84 (1992)).
To be eligible for asylum, Gutul must establish that he is unable or unwilling
to return to Moldova "because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on
account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion." Carmenatte-Lopez v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 540, 541 (8th Cir. 2008)
(quotation omitted). More specifically, Gutul "must establish that one of these
enumerated grounds was or will be at least one central reason for his persecution." Id.
(internal quotation omitted). Similarly, to qualify for withholding of removal, Gutul
must establish that it is more likely than not that he would be persecuted upon return
to Moldova on account of one of those same five grounds. Purwantono v. Gonzales,
498 F.3d 822, 824 (8th Cir. 2007). Having carefully reviewed the record, we conclude
that substantial evidence–as detailed in the BIA's well-reasoned order–supports the
agency's determination that Gutul did not establish past persecution or a well-founded
fear of future persecution on account of his political opinion. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.
Moreover, the BIA correctly determined that Gutul's proposed social group was
neither so readily identifiable nor so well-defined as to constitute a particular social
group within the meaning of the Immigration and Nationality Act. See Davila-Mejia
v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 624, 628-29 (8th Cir. 2008) (noting that particular social group
must be one whose members are recognized as a group by society and that is defined
in specific, objective terms that create a definitive benchmark by which group
membership can be determined).
-2-
As Gutul did not establish eligibility for asylum, his claim for withholding of
removal also fails. Quomsieh v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 602, 606 (8th Cir. 2007) (noting
that because the standard for withholding of removal is more stringent than the
standard for asylum, an alien who fails to establish eligibility for asylum necessarily
cannot meet the standard required to qualify for withholding).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is denied.
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