United States v. Wilson Garcia-Panama

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 10-3469
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the District
* of Nebraska.
Wilson Antonio Garcia-Panama, *
also known as Carlos, * [UNPUBLISHED]
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: June 16, 2011
Filed: August 12, 2011
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Before LOKEN, BEAM, and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Wilson Garcia-Panama appeals the eighty-seven-month within-Guidelines
sentence imposed by the district court1 following his guilty plea for conspiring to
distribute methamphetamine. On appeal, he argues that his sentence is unreasonable
because the purity determination2 used to arrive at the amount of drugs he was
1
The Honorable Richard G. Kopf, United States District Court for the District
of Nebraska.
2
Generally speaking, the base offense level for a drug offense under the
Guidelines is calculated based upon drug quantity. United States Sentencing
responsible for and resulting base offense level was based on testing of only a portion
of the drugs involved in the conspiracy. Garcia-Panama further contends that his co-
conspirator's sentence was calculated based only upon a methamphetamine "mixture,"
resulting in a lower base offense level and sentence. Intermingled with this latter
contention is Garcia-Panama's argument that this error caused an unwarranted
sentencing disparity discouraged by 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6).3
We find that the district court did not clearly err in calculating drug quantity and
in setting Garcia-Panama's resulting base offense level. See United States v. Montes-
Medina, 570 F.3d 1052, 1058 (8th Cir. 2009) (standard of review). First, the
government is not required to conduct a purity calculation on all of the
methamphetamine distributed during the course of the conspiracy. Approximately
fifty grams of a methamphetamine mixture was not submitted for purity testing.
Accordingly, the district court converted the total amount of actual (tested)
methamphetamine and the (untested) methamphetamine mixture to its marijuana
equivalent. This was the appropriate approach. See United States Sentencing
Guidelines Manual § 2D1.1; United States v. Ault, 446 F.3d 821, 823 (8th Cir. 2006).
Because cooked methamphetamine produces a number of by-products, the Guidelines
permit two possible methods for determining a defendant's base offense level in a
methamphetamine case. United States v. Fairchild, 189 F.3d 769, 778 (8th Cir. 1999).
One method seeks to determine the amount of methamphetamine contained within a
mixture. Using this method, the government must perform a purity calculation and
multiply the percentage of pure methamphetamine times the total amount of the
mixture to get the "actual" amount of methamphetamine. United States v. Houston,
338 F.3d 876, 878-79 (8th Cir. 2003). The second method permits the government
to apply the entire weight of a mixture containing a detectable amount of
methamphetamine. Fairchild, 189 F.3d at 778. The Guidelines direct the district court
to use whichever method produces the higher base offense level. U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c),
n.B.
3
According to representations by the government and defense counsel at
sentencing, this co-conspirator was sentenced to sixty months' imprisonment.
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Guidelines Manual § 2D1.1, cmt. n.10 (combining differing controlled substances to
obtain a single offense level by converting each of the drugs to its marijuana
equivalent); United States v. Morales-Uribe, 470 F.3d 1282, 1287 (8th Cir. 2006)
(employing this method in a case involving actual methamphetamine and a
methamphetamine mixture).
Second, the government explained at sentencing that Garcia-Panama's co-
conspirator ended up with a lower base offense level in part because he pleaded guilty,
with the benefit of a plea agreement, before a purity calculation was performed.
Accordingly, the co-conspirator's sentence was based upon the mixture and in this
particular case, that resulted in a lower base offense level. Though the government
may have erred in not conducting the purity analysis for the co-conspirator's
sentencing, the district court did not err in accepting the purity calculations offered by
the government as applied to Garcia-Panama's case. Garcia-Panama's argument that
this situation created unwarranted sentencing disparities is also without merit. The
district court, who sentenced both parties, found that Garcia-Panama had greater
involvement in the conspiracy than this co-conspirator. This finding was not clearly
erroneous.
Nor did the court err in attributing quantities of methamphetamine distributed
by others in the conspiracy to Garcia-Panama, because it was reasonably foreseeable
to him that the methamphetamine would be distributed. United States v. Williams,
605 F.3d 556, 569 (8th Cir. 2010). Garcia-Panama complains about a transaction
wherein co-conspirators sold methamphetamine to an undercover officer and used
Garcia-Panama's vehicle in the process. Garcia-Panama's argument that this
transaction was not reasonably foreseeable to him is unpersuasive.
Finally, the record indicates that the district court adequately considered the 18
U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors in imposing Garcia-Panama's sentence. Because the district
court committed no procedural or substantive error and the sentence was not an abuse
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of its discretion, we affirm the presumptively reasonable eighty-seven-month
sentence. See United States v. Cunningham, 593 F.3d 726, 730 (8th Cir. 2010)
(presumptions and standard of review).
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