United States v. Diablo William

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 11-2546
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the
* District of Nebraska.
Diablo S. William, *
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: May 14, 2012
Filed: June 14, 2012
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Before MURPHY, BENTON, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
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SHEPHERD, Circuit Judge.
Diablo S. William pled guilty to two counts of distributing five grams or more
of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1). William was
released pending sentencing and subsequently arrested for robbery. At the sentencing
for William’s federal drug offenses, the district court1 found that William’s arrest for
robbery and his attempts to manufacture exculpatory evidence meant that he was not
entitled to a three-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility in his advisory
1
The Honorable Laurie Smith Camp, Chief Judge, United States District Court
for the District of Nebraska.
sentencing Guidelines offense level. The court sentenced William to 262 months
imprisonment on each count, to be served concurrently. William appeals his
sentence, arguing that the court erred procedurally by denying him the three-level
reduction. We affirm.
I.
On March 26, 2010, and April 10, 2010, William sold half-ounces of crack
cocaine to a confidential informant of the Government. A federal grand jury returned
an indictment charging William with two counts of distributing five grams or more
of crack cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1). William pled not
guilty to the charges at his initial appearance and arraignment, but on January 14,
2011, he appeared before a magistrate judge and pled guilty to both counts without
a plea agreement. After his initial appearance, William was released from custody
under conditions of pretrial release.
On March 3, 2011, the district court accepted William’s guilty plea. Six days
later, William was arrested on a state felony warrant and a pretrial violation warrant
for the February 23, 2011 robbery of two individuals in a convenience store parking
lot. A law enforcement officer was able to identify William as one of the perpetrators
after viewing video footage taken by the store. While in custody for the robbery,
William made phone calls from jail to two individuals and arranged for them to
provide false statements to the police and the state court prosecutor. Specifically,
William asked the men to falsely confess to the robbery, to exculpate William of any
involvement, and to bribe the victim witnesses so as to prevent them from testifying.
Before William’s arrest on the state felony robbery charge, the Probation Office
had prepared a presentence investigation report (PSR) for William. After the arrest,
the Probation Office prepared a revised PSR. The revised PSR held William
responsible for 24.1 grams of crack cocaine and placed William’s base offense level
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at 24 pursuant to United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual,
§2D1.1(a)(5) and (c)(8). The revised PSR also determined that William met the
definition of a career offender under Guidelines section 4B1.1(a) and adjusted his
offense level to 34 under Guidelines section 4B1.1(b)(2). The revised PSR
recognized that William had “admitted responsibility and acknowledged his
participation in the instant offense” and “also timely notified authorities of his
intention to enter a guilty plea.” However, the revised PSR recommended no
reduction for acceptance of responsibility under Guidelines section 3E1.1 due to
William’s involvement in the robbery while on pretrial release. Because William fell
within Criminal History Category VI and the revised PSR placed his total offense
level at 34, William’s advisory Guidelines range for each count was placed at 262 to
327 months imprisonment.
William filed objections to the revised PSR, arguing that he was entitled to a
reduction for acceptance of responsibility and disputing the facts regarding the
robbery. The Government initially adopted the PSR, but then later amended its
position to argue that William’s conduct in suborning perjury from witnesses and
attempting to bribe the victims warranted a sentencing enhancement for obstruction
of justice.
At sentencing, the district court denied the Government’s request for an
enhancement for obstruction of justice, finding it “largely moot” because any
enhancement would be “subsumed in the career criminal calculation.” William
argued that the state robbery charge should not affect the determination of whether
he had accepted responsibility for a federal crime, but the court agreed with the PSR
that William was not entitled to any reduction for acceptance of responsibility despite
his guilty plea. The court primarily relied on an application note to Guidelines
section 3E1.1, which states that the court may consider whether there has been a
“voluntary termination or withdrawal from criminal conduct or associations” by the
defendant when deciding whether to grant the reduction. USSG §3E1.1, comment.
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(n. 1(B)). The court found that William’s participation in a robbery while awaiting
sentencing and his unlawful attempts to escape prosecution for the robbery “means
that the defendant has not accepted responsibility under the letter and the spirit of the
guideline.” The court sentenced William to 262 months imprisonment on both
counts, to be served concurrently. This timely appeal followed.
II.
On appeal, William renews his challenge to the district court’s decision not to
apply a reduction to his offense level for acceptance of responsibility. “We review
the district court’s denial of an acceptance of responsibility reduction for clear error.”
United States v. Smith, 665 F.3d 951, 957 (8th Cir. 2011). “A district court’s factual
determination on whether a defendant has demonstrated acceptance of responsibility
is entitled to great deference and should be reversed only if it is so clearly erroneous
as to be without foundation.” United States v. Winters, 416 F.3d 856, 860 (8th Cir.
2005).
William’s argument boils down to a disagreement with how the district court
weighed the facts. William is correct when he states that his guilty plea and his
truthful admission of the conduct comprising the offense of conviction was
significant evidence in favor of an award of the acceptance-of-responsibility
reduction under application note 3 to Guidelines section 3E1.1. However, the
application note also states that “this evidence may be outweighed by conduct of the
defendant that is inconsistent with such acceptance of responsibility” and that “[a]
defendant who enters a guilty plea is not entitled to an adjustment under this section
as a matter of right.” USSG §3E1.1, comment. (n. 3). William acknowledges this
language and argues that the robbery and his subsequent illegal behavior was not
conduct sufficient to overcome the evidence in this case. He cites no cases or other
support for this contention.
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We have consistently affirmed the denial of the acceptance-of-responsibility
reduction to “defendants whose conduct belies their claims of contrition.” United
States v. Nguyen, 52 F.3d 192, 194 (8th Cir. 1995). “Unlawful conduct . . . need not
be directly related to the underlying offense to preclude an
acceptance-of-responsibility reduction.” Peters v. United States, 464 F.3d 811, 813
(8th Cir. 2006) (per curiam). See also United States v. Arellano, 291 F.3d 1032, 1035
(8th Cir. 2002) (“Even unrelated criminal conduct may make an acceptance of
responsibility reduction inappropriate . . . and a defendant’s behavior in jail while
awaiting sentencing is a relevant consideration.” (citation omitted)). Here, the district
court was entitled to consider William’s involvement in a robbery and his attempts
to manufacture exculpatory evidence from jail in determining whether William had
clearly accepted responsibility for his federal crimes. At sentencing, the court gave
a thorough and well-reasoned explanation as to why William did not merit the
reduction. Accordingly, we find no error, let alone clear error, in the court’s decision.
III.
We affirm the sentence imposed by the district court.
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