Raul Caiz v. William Roberts, II

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
JUN 15 2018
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RAUL CAIZ, individually, ) No. 17-55051
)
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) D.C. No. 2:15-cv-09044-RSWL-AGR
)
v. ) MEMORANDUM*
)
WILLIAM LEONARD )
ROBERTS II, an individual, AKA )
Mastermind, AKA Rick Ross; )
UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP, )
INC., a California Corporation; )
DEF JAM RECORDS, INC., )
Delaware Corporation; MAYBACH )
MUSIC GROUP, LLC, a Florida )
Limited Liability Company, DOES 1 )
through 10, inclusive, )
)
Defendants-Appellees. )
)
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Ronald S.W. Lew, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 5, 2018
Pasadena, California
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Before: FERNANDEZ and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and BENNETT,** District
Judge.
Raul Caiz appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment1 in favor
of William Leonard Roberts II (also known as Mastermind and Rick Ross), Def
Jam Recordings, Inc., Maybach Music Group, LLC, and Universal Music Group,
Inc. (collectively “Alleged Infringers”), in Caiz’s action for infringement of his
registered trademark, MASTERMIND, Registration Number 4,366,332 (hereafter
“the Trademark”). We reverse and remand.
Caiz asserts that the district court erred when it determined that Caiz could
not prevail on his trademark infringement claim2 because the Trademark was not a
“‘valid, protectable trademark,’”3 and also directed cancellation of the registration
of the Trademark.4 We agree.
We recognize that “[a] plaintiff bears the ultimate burden of proof in a
**
The Honorable Mark W. Bennett, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Iowa, sitting by designation.
1
Caiz v. Roberts, 224 F. Supp. 3d 944, 947 (C.D. Cal. 2016).
2
See 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)(a).
3
See Zobmondo Entm’t, LLC v. Falls Media, LLC, 602 F.3d 1108, 1113 (9th
Cir. 2010).
4
See 15 U.S.C. § 1119.
2
trademark-infringement action that the trademark is valid and protectable.”
Zobmondo, 602 F.3d at 1113. Moreover, only a distinctive mark is “valid and
protectable.” Id.; see also KP Permanent Make-Up, Inc. v. Lasting Impression I,
Inc., 408 F.3d 596, 602 (9th Cir. 2005). However, the Trademark was registered,
which gave rise “to a ‘strong presumption’ that the mark is a protectable mark,”5
and, while that presumption can be overcome,6 “the burden on the defendant
necessary to overcome that presumption at summary judgment is heavy.”7 Here
the presumption is that the Trademark is valid and suggestive. See Zobmondo, 602
F.3d at 1114; Lahoti v. VeriCheck, Inc., 586 F.3d 1190, 1199 & n.5 (9th Cir. 2009).
The Alleged Infringers presented some evidence that the Trademark was not
valid, but that evidence by itself was not weighty enough to overcome the
presumption of validity at summary judgment. The evidence tendered by the
Alleged Infringers did not demonstrate that there was no factual dispute that, even
in the context of the music genre and business involved here,8 no mental leap or
5
Zobmondo, 602 F.3d at 1113; see also 15 U.S.C. §§ 1057(b), 1115(a); KP
Permanent, 408 F.3d at 604; Tie Tech, Inc. v. Kinedyne Corp., 296 F.3d 778, 783
(9th Cir. 2002).
6
Zobmondo, 602 F.3d at 1115.
7
Id.8
See Lahoti, 586 F.3d at 1201.
3
imagination9 would be needed to connect the Trademark to the products covered
by the Trademark. For example, while the Alleged Infringers point to a dictionary
definition that uses the word “mastermind” with reference to a musician,10 that is
far from establishing that musicians (or hip hop musicians in particular) necessarily
come to mind when the word is used. Moreover, evidence that other musicians
have called themselves masterminds does not establish that the word is necessarily
descriptive in this instance. Similarly, while the widespread use of the word itself
by others might weaken the Trademark’s strength,11 it does not conclusively
demonstrate that competitors need to use the word to fairly describe their
products.12
Overall, we cannot say that the evidence presented in the motion for
summary judgment demonstrates that no rational juror could find in favor of Caiz.
That is, we need not and do not decide that the Alleged Infringers’ evidence has no
weight; we decide that it is not weighty enough to counterbalance the heavy burden
9
See Zobmondo, 602 F.3d at 1116; Lahoti, 586 F.3d at 1198; see also Japan
Telecom, Inc. v. Japan Telecom Am. Inc., 287 F.3d 866, 873 (9th Cir. 2002).
10
Oxford University Press, Concise Oxford Am. Dictionary 546 (2006).
11
See Entrepreneur Media, Inc. v. Smith, 279 F.3d 1135, 1143–44 (9th Cir.
2002).
12
See Zobmondo, 602 F.3d at 1117; Entrepreneur Media, 279 F.3d at 1143.
4
imposed by the presumption at summary judgment.
We note that because of its decision that the Trademark was not at all
distinctive as a matter of law, the district court found the Trademark to be invalid
and ordered its registration cancelled.13 We reverse those determinations. The
district court, however, saw no reason to consider the Alleged Infringers’ other
arguments.14 Similarly, in light of its decision regarding invalidity, the district
court saw no reason to consider the Alleged Infringers’ fair use defense. 15 We
decline to rule on those issues; we leave them to the district court to consider in the
first instance. Cf. Golden Nugget, Inc. v. Am. Stock Exch., Inc., 828 F.2d 586, 590
(9th Cir. 1987) (per curiam). Finally, we note that Caiz has not challenged the
district court’s grant of summary judgment as to his other claims. We, therefore,
deem any argument regarding these claims waived. See Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d
1045, 1052 (9th Cir. 1999).
Costs are to be taxed against the Appellees.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
13
See Gracie v. Gracie, 217 F.3d 1060, 1065–66 (9th Cir. 2000).
14
See Caiz, 224 F. Supp. 3d at 953.
15
See id. at 956; see also Cairns v. Franklin Mint Co., 292 F.3d 1139,
1150–51 (9th Cir. 2002).
5