United States v. Daniel Castaneda-Martinez

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION MAR 29 2011
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) No. 10-10041
)
Plaintiff – Appellee, ) D.C. No. 2:08-cr-00347-JCM-PAL-3
)
v. ) MEMORANDUM *
)
DANIEL CASTANEDA- )
MARTINEZ, )
)
Defendant – Appellant. )
)
)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) No. 10-10043
)
Plaintiff – Appellee, ) D.C. No. 2:08-cr-00347-JCM-PAL-2
)
v. )
)
JUAN NUNEZ-ROMERO, )
)
Defendant – Appellant. )
)
)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) No. 10-10046
)
Plaintiff – Appellee, ) D.C. No. 2:08-cr-00347-JCM-PAL-1
)
v. )
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. Rule 36-3.
)
RAYMUNDO ARIAS-CEJA, AKA )
Alejandro Delgadillo, AKA )
Armondo Valencia-Chavez, )
)
Defendant – Appellant. )
)
)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) No. 10-10086
)
Plaintiff – Appellee, ) D.C. No. 2:08-cr-00347-JCM-PAL-4
)
v. )
)
JOSE RAMIREZ-ALVAREZ, )
)
Defendant – Appellant. )
)
)
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Nevada
James C. Mahan, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted March 15, 2011 **
San Francisco, California
Before: WALLACE, FERNANDEZ, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.
Daniel Castaneda-Martinez, Raymundo Arias-Ceja, and Juan Carlos Nunez-
Romero appeal their sentences after their convictions upon guilty pleas to the crime
**
United States v. Castaneda-Martinez, United States v. Nunez-Romero, and
United States v. Arias-Ceja submitted without argument. United States v.
Ramirez-Alvarez argued and submitted.
2
of conspiracy to possess drugs with intent to distribute them. See 21 U.S.C. § 846.
Jose Ramirez-Alvarez appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to withdraw
his guilty plea to the same conspiracy charges. We affirm.
(1) Castaneda, Arias and Nunez all assert that the district court erred
when it denied them a downward adjustment to their offense levels under the
United States Sentencing Guidelines for their acceptance of responsibility. See
USSG §3E1.1.1 We disagree. Because the district court “is in a unique position to
evaluate a defendant’s acceptance of responsibility,” 2 while we do review its
findings for clear error,3 we accord it “great deference.” 4 The burden of clearly
demonstrating acceptance of responsibility is upon the defendant,5 and, here, no
clear demonstration was forthcoming. The defendants did not fall within the “rare
situations” commentary because they pled before they were actually convicted.
1
All references to the Sentencing Guidelines are to the November 1, 2009,
version.
2
USSG §3E1.1, comment. (n.5); see also United States v. Mara, 523 F.3d
1036, 1038 (9th Cir. 2008).
3
See United States v. Alba-Flores, 577 F.3d 1104, 1107 (9th Cir. 2009).
4
USSG §3E1.1, comment. (n.5); see also United States v. Vance, 62 F.3d
1152, 1157 (9th Cir. 1995).
5
See USSG §3E1.1(a); see also United States v. Lopez-Patino, 391 F.3d
1034, 1038 (9th Cir. 2004).
3
See USSG §3E1.1, comment. (n.2). Nor did they fall within the “significant
evidence of acceptance” commentary because they did not plead “prior to the
commencement of trial.” Id. at comment. (n.3). What remained was the bare fact
that they did plead guilty, and their weak statements of apology.6 The district court
did not err in determining that was not sufficient to carry their burden.
(2) Nunez then asserts that he was entitled to a two point downward
adjustment for his allegedly minor role. See USSG §3B1.2. We disagree. He bore
the burden of proving that he was entitled to that adjustment,7 and while he might
well have shown that he was less culpable than certain of the other defendants, the
district court did not clearly err when it determined that he was not “substantially
less culpable.”8
(3) Nunez also asserts that the sentence imposed upon him was
unreasonable, even though it was within the calculated guideline range. He asserts
6
Incidentally, Castaneda did not even assert error at the district court, so we
review his claim for plain error. See United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 732,
113 S. Ct. 1770, 1776, 123 L. Ed. 2d 508 (1993); United States v. Gallegos, 613
F.3d 1211, 1213–14 (9th Cir. 2010).
7
See Ajala v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 997 F.2d 651, 656 (9th Cir. 1993).
8
See USSG §3B1.2, comment. (n.3(A)); United States v. Rosas, 615 F.3d
1058, 1067 (9th Cir. 2010); United States v. Cantrell, 433 F.3d 1269, 1283 (9th
Cir. 2006).
4
procedural error9 based upon the same complaints about the guideline calculations
that we have disposed of above. He asserts substantive unreasonableness10 solely
on the basis that a lesser sentence would have been appropriate, but a sentence
within the guideline range, as his was, is usually reasonable,11 and the facts of this
case do not require a determination that his sentence fell outside of that normal
expectation of reasonableness.
(4) Castaneda argues that the district court erred when it gave him an
upward adjustment for reckless endangerment. See USSG §3C1.2. We review for
plain error,12 because at the district court, far from making that objection, he agreed
that the presentence report’s recommendation was correct. Castaneda asserts that
the district court was required to make specific findings of fact, but that is incorrect
where, as here, no objection was made. See United States v. Ponce, 51 F.3d 820,
826 (9th Cir. 1995); see also United States v. Carter, 560 F.3d 1107, 1119 (9th Cir.
2009); United States v. Rigby, 896 F.2d 392, 394 (9th Cir. 1990). On the facts of
this case — Castaneda’s ramming an occupied police car with his car — we see no
9
See United States v. Carty, 520 F.3d 984, 993 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc).
10
See id.11
See id. at 994.
12
See United States v. Waknine, 543 F.3d 546, 551 (9th Cir. 2008).
5
error in the district court’s determination, much less plain error.13 See United
States v. Reyes-Oseguera, 106 F.3d 1481, 1483–84 (9th Cir. 1997); United States
v. Cordova Barajas, 360 F.3d 1037, 1044 (9th Cir. 2004).
(5) Ramirez asserts that the district court abused its discretion 14 when it
denied his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. It did not. He had the burden of
demonstrating a “‘fair and just reason’” for his request and he did not do so.15 He
asserts that the plea colloquy indicates that he did not understand the nature of the
charges against him. Our review of the transcripts belies that assertion; the district
court was careful to make sure that he did understand before it accepted his plea.16
He also argues that the district court erred when taking his plea because it did not
specifically state that it would consider sentencing factors under 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(a). See Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(1)(M). That objection was not brought to
13
We decline to consider Castaneda’s claim that his counsel was ineffective.
He must raise that claim in a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 proceeding, if at all. See United
States v. Sager, 227 F.3d 1138, 1149 (9th Cir. 2000); United States v. Andrews, 75
F.3d 552, 557 (9th Cir. 1996).
14
See United States v. Briggs, 623 F.3d 724, 727 (9th Cir. 2010).
15
Id. at 728 (quoting Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(d)(2)(B)).
16
Any suggestion that he did not appreciate the possible length of his
sentence is otiose. He was clearly told what that possible length was and
acknowledged that fact. His suggestion that he was not communicating well with
his counsel is similarly insubstantial where, as here, he has given no indication of
what that failure actually amounted to.
6
the district court’s attention, so we review for plain error. See United States v.
Benz, 472 F.3d 657, 658–59 (9th Cir. 2006). The district court did specifically
explain to him that it had the discretion to impose what it “consider[ed] to be a
reasonable sentence” and could even exceed the guideline calculation in doing so.
In light of that, it is doubtful that there was any error at all, and, certainly, none of
Ramirez’s substantial rights were violated. See Olano, 507 U.S. at 734–35, 113 S.
Ct. at 1777–78. He has not shown any fair and just reason to withdraw his plea.
AFFIRMED.
7