United States v. Aranda

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION APR 21 2010
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 07-50397
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. CR-05-00578-JFW
v.
ESPIRIDION ARANDA, aka; Seal D; Pete
Josui; Antonio Marmolejo and Peety,
Defendant - Appellant.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 07-50500
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. CR-05-00578-JFW-10
v.
REDACTED MEMORANDUM *
JAVIER MARTINEZ COVARRUBIAS,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
John F. Walter, District Judge, Presiding
*
An unredacted Memorandum was filed under seal on April 13, 2010.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Argued and Submitted April 8, 2010
Pasadena, California
Before: SILVERMAN and GRABER, Circuit Judges, and SCULLIN, ** District
Judge.
Javier Covarrubias and Esperidion Aranda appeal their convictions based on
errors at their Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11 plea colloquies. They also
appeal the district court’s denial of their respective motions to withdraw their guilty
pleas. [REDACTED] We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we
affirm.
We review the adequacy of a Rule 11 plea colloquy de novo. United States v.
Ross, 511 F.3d 1233, 1235 (9th Cir. 2008). A Rule 11 mistake not preserved by
timely objection below is subject to plain error review. Id. But when a Rule 11
mistake is raised below as a basis for withdrawal of a guilty plea, we review for
harmless error. United States v. Villalobos, 333 F.3d 1070, 1074 (9th Cir. 2003). A
district court’s denial of a motion to withdraw a guilty plea is reviewed for an abuse
of discretion. United States v. Ensminger, 567 F.3d 587, 590 (9th Cir. 2009).
Both Covarrubias and Aranda were misinformed at their plea colloquies that
their sentences under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) would run concurrently with their other
**
The Honorable Frederick J. Scullin Jr., Senior United States District
Judge for the Northern District of New York, sitting by designation.
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sentences. The statute requires that any sentence imposed thereunder run
consecutively to any other sentence. 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(D)(ii). The
misstatements constituted error, but neither appellant is entitled to relief.
Because Covarrubias did not raise the error below, his claim is subject to plain
error review. It is undisputed that in exchange for Covarrubias’s guilty plea, entered
after his capital trial had already begun, the government agreed not to seek the death
penalty. Covarrubias has not shown that the concurrent versus consecutive nature of
his sentences was a motivating factor for his plea; at his plea colloquy Covarrubias
was repeatedly advised, and stated that he understood, that he would receive a life
sentence no matter what. His substantial rights were not affected. United States v.
Morales-Robles, 309 F.3d 609, 610 (9th Cir. 2002) (per curiam). Covarrubias’s
additional claims regarding other supposed Rule 11 deficiencies are unpersuasive.
Finally, Covarrubias argues that the district court abused its discretion in
denying his motion to withdraw his plea. We disagree. The district court was
entitled to rely on Covarrubias’s statements at his plea colloquy that he was guilty
and that there were no undocumented promises or threats inducing his plea. Ross,
511 F.3d at 1236. The district court did not abuse its discretion in discrediting
Covarrubias’s later claims that he was innocent and that he was pressured into
pleading guilty.
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Aranda also argues that the error regarding the misadvisement of the
consecutive nature of the firearm sentence entitles him to relief. He raised the error
below in his motion to withdraw his guilty plea; we therefore review for harmless
error. The record reflects that the prosecutor accurately informed Aranda, in open
court, that he faced a total thirty-year, mandatory-minimum sentence. Aranda
affirmed that he understood. The plea agreement also explicitly states that Aranda
was subject to a minimum sentence of thirty years. The error was clearly harmless.
See Morales-Robles, 309 F.3d at 610.
Aranda also argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying his
motion to withdraw his plea. We disagree. As we have explained already, the
misadvisement of the consecutive nature of the firearm sentence could not have
possibly affected Aranda’s decision to plead guilty. This is because he was correctly
told that he faced a minimum of thirty years in prison. Defense counsel’s advice on
how the sentence possibly could be reduced was nothing more than that — it was not
a promise or even an incorrect statement of what was possible. [REDACTED]
AFFIRMED.
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