DocketNumber: 11-30250
Judges: Gould, Bybee, Bea
Filed Date: 6/19/2012
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 11/5/2024
FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 11-30250 Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. v. 4:05-cr-00085- SCOTT ANDREW BECKER, SEH-1 Defendant-Appellant. OPINION Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana Sam E. Haddon, District Judge, Presiding Submitted May 7, 2012* Seattle, Washington Filed June 19, 2012 Before: Ronald M.Gould, Jay S. Bybee, and Carlos T. Bea, Circuit Judges. Opinion by Judge Gould *The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 7091 7092 UNITED STATES v. BECKER COUNSEL Anthony R. Gallagher, Federal Defenders of Montana, Great Falls, Montana, for the defendant-appellant. UNITED STATES v. BECKER 7093 Michael W. Cotter, United States Attorney, Marcia Hurd, Assistant United States Attorney, Billings, Montana, for the plaintiff-appellee. OPINION GOULD, Circuit Judge: Scott Andrew Becker (“Becker”) pled guilty to knowingly taking or receiving obscene matters from an interactive com- puter service in violation of18 U.S.C. § 1462
, a crime that does not categorically constitute a “sex offense” as defined by the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”). See42 U.S.C. § 16911
(5)(A). At the change of plea proceedings, Becker stated, “I believe that I am guilty of the charges and did download child pornography or possess child pornography during the time said.” The district court sentenced Becker to a 60-month custodial term followed by a 3-year supervised release term. The district court imposed several conditions of supervised release, including the requirement that Becker complete a sex offender treatment program. After completing his custodial sentence and beginning supervised release, Becker violated the terms of his super- vised release by, inter alia, not attending sex offender treat- ment. Becker then appeared before the same district court judge who had imposed the initial sentence. The district court revoked Becker’s supervised release, and, along with impos- ing a 9-month custodial term followed by a new 27-month supervised release term, ordered Becker to register as a sex offender pursuant to SORNA.1 Becker now appeals the dis- trict court’s imposition of this condition. 142 U.S.C. § 16913
(a); see also United States v. Begay,622 F.3d 1187
, 1191 (9th Cir. 2010) (“SORNA’s registration requirements applied imme- diately and retroactively to all sex offenders regardless of when they were convicted.”). 7094 UNITED STATES v. BECKER Normally, “[w]e review the district court’s imposition of supervised release conditions for abuse of discretion.” United States v. King,608 F.3d 1122
, 1130 (9th Cir. 2010). At sen- tencing, however, Becker, with the assistance of counsel, did not object to the imposition of the SORNA registration condi- tion. Consequently, we review Becker’s challenge to that con- dition for plain error. See United States v. Hammons,558 F.3d 1100
, 1103 (9th Cir. 2009). Plain error is “(1) error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affect[s] substantial rights. If all three conditions are met, an appellate court may then exercise its discretion to notice a forfeited error, but only if (4) the error seriously affect[s] the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United States v. Cotton,535 U.S. 625
, 631 (2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omit- ted). Becker argues that the district court committed plain error by not making findings of fact that he was a sex offender under SORNA and by not otherwise articulating its reasons for imposing the SORNA registration requirement. We dis- agree. [1] We have previously applied a modified categorical approach to classify an underlying offense as a sex offense under SORNA for the purpose of determining whether SORNA registration was required. See United States v. Mi Kyung Byun,539 F.3d 982
, 990-94 (9th Cir. 2008) (conclud- ing “that Congress contemplated a non-categorical approach as to the age of the victim in determining whether a particular conviction is for a ‘specified offense against a minor,’ ” and that “the underlying facts of a defendant’s offense are perti- nent in determining whether she has committed a ‘specified offense against a minor’ and is thus a sex offender”).2 Here, 2 In Mi Kyung Byun, we relied on the appellant’s admissions in a plea agreement about the underlying facts of her offense conduct to conclude that her crime was a sex offense under SORNA, even though she pled guilty to an offense that is not categorically a sex offense under SORNA.Id. at 994
. UNITED STATES v. BECKER 7095 Becker’s admissions made at his change of plea proceedings establish that Becker’s crime was a “sex offense” as defined by SORNA. See42 U.S.C. § 16911
(5)(A)(ii) (a “specified offense against a minor” is a sex offense under SORNA), (7)(G) (possession, production or distribution of child pornog- raphy is a specified offense against a minor); see United States v. Snellenberger,548 F.3d 699
, 701 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc) (noting that we may rely on a plea colloquy in conduct- ing modified categorical analysis). Because Becker is a sex offender under SORNA, the district court was required to impose the registration condition. See18 U.S.C. § 3583
(d) (“The court shall order, as an explicit condition of supervised release for a person required to register under [SORNA] that the person comply with the requirements of that Act.”). [2] Even if the district court were not required to impose SORNA registration as a mandatory condition of supervised release, the district court did not commit plain error by impos- ing registration as a discretionary condition. Seeid.
(authoriz- ing the district court to impose “any other [reasonable] condition it considers to be appropriate”). We have said that “the district court ‘need not state at sentencing the reasons for imposing each condition of supervised release, if it is apparent from the record.’ ” United States v. Rudd,662 F.3d 1257
, 1261-62 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting United States v. Blinkinsop,606 F.3d 1110
, 1119 (9th Cir. 2010), emphasis omitted). We conclude that it is apparent from the record here that the regis- tration condition was reasonable. Becker has not met his bur- den of proving the contrary. Moreover, the imposition of the SORNA registration condition does not impair the fairness, integrity or reputation of the court, and so we will not exercise discretion to relieve Becker of this condition. AFFIRMED.