Clavel Gonzalez v. Garland

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 18 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
FELIPE CLAVEL GONZALEZ, No. 22-909
Petitioner, Agency No.
A200-975-089
v.
MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted December 14, 2023**
Pasadena, California
Before: TASHIMA, WALLACH,*** and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Felipe Clavel Gonzalez (“Clavel Gonzalez”), a native and citizen
of Mexico, petitions for review of a decision from the Board of Immigration
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Evan J. Wallach, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, sitting by designation.
Appeals (“BIA”) that denied his motion to reopen his removal proceeding because
the motion was untimely and Clavel Gonzalez did not submit material, persuasive
evidence of changed country conditions since his previous hearing in 2016 to
qualify for an exception to the 90-day filing deadline.1 We have jurisdiction under
8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for abuse of discretion the BIA’s decision to deny a
motion to reopen, Reyes-Corado v. Garland, 76 F.4th 1256, 1259 (9th Cir. 2023),
and we “defer to the BIA’s exercise of discretion unless it acted arbitrarily,
irrationally, or contrary to law,” Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 986 (9th Cir.
2010). We review “the BIA’s determination of purely legal questions de novo and
its factual findings for substantial evidence.” Reyes-Corado, 76 F.4th at 1260. We
deny the petition for review.
1. Generally, a “motion to reopen shall be filed within 90 days of the date of
entry of a final administrative order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i).
The BIA’s order issued nearly four years before Clavel Gonzalez filed his motion.
The BIA properly found his motion untimely.
2. There is “no time limit” for filing a motion to reopen, however, if the
motion is “based on changed country conditions arising in the country of
nationality or the country to which removal has been ordered, if such evidence is
material and was not available and would not have been discovered or presented at
1
Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here.
2
the previous proceeding.” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). According to the BIA,
Clavel Gonzalez “alleges that there is an increase in violence perpetrated by
organized criminals and his family members have been victimized . . . .” A
movant must “produce evidence that conditions have changed in the country of
removal,” and “demonstrate that evidence is material . . . .” Silva v. Garland,
993 F.3d 705, 718 (9th Cir. 2021). We limit our review to “the BIA’s decision and
the bases upon which the BIA relied.” Martinez-Zelaya v. INS, 841 F.2d 294, 296
(9th Cir. 1988); see also Silva, 993 F.3d at 718.
The BIA considered the evidence,2 including Clavel Gonzalez’s affidavit
relating to “an alleged assault which occurred in Mexico in 2004,” as well as
“country condition information” from 2005 and 2019. Substantial evidence
supports the BIA’s conclusion that Clavel Gonzalez’s evidence “generally indicate
a continuation of the crime and violence considered” already in “previous
decisions” by the immigration judge and BIA.
Moreover, the BIA properly considered Clavel Gonzalez’s “claims regarding
gang mistreatment of his two sisters and mother” and concluded that they did “not
2
In its decision, the BIA acknowledged that Clavel Gonzalez did not explain why
he could not present, at his 2016 merits hearing, the 2005 country conditions report
as well as his affidavit detailing his alleged assault in 2004.
3
alter [his] failure to establish changed country conditions.”3 We acknowledge that
“changed circumstances that occur in the country of nationality or the country to
which removal is ordered, and are entirely outside the petitioner’s control, may
constitute changed country circumstances even if they are personal, painful, or life-
altering.” Reyes-Corado, 76 F.4th at 1262 (cleaned up). Here, substantial
evidence supports that the BIA did not act arbitrarily, irrationally, or contrary to
law when concluding that Clavel Gonzalez did not produce material evidence of
changed country conditions. See id. at 1261–65 (concluding that a movant
presented “qualitatively different” evidence of changed country circumstances
since his prior hearing, when his declaration detailed “actions and threats” against
immediate family members in Guatemala, including an “escalating campaign of
threats, harassment, and physical violence against” them); see also Malty v.
Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 942, 944 (9th Cir. 2004) (“He submitted new evidence detailing
rising levels of violence against Egyptian Coptic Christians generally and specific
acts of violence against his family in particular.” (emphases added)). Even
accepting Clavel Gonzalez’s affidavit “as true for purposes of ruling on the motion
to reopen,” Reyes-Corado, 76 F.4th at 1261, “there is no indication that the Board
failed to credit” it, Najmabadi, 597 F.3d at 990, when the affidavit speaks to an
3
“[A]lthough the BIA must consider a petitioner’s evidence of changed country
conditions, it need not expressly refute on the record every single piece of
evidence.” Feng Gui Lin v. Holder, 588 F.3d 981, 987 (9th Cir. 2009).
4
assault he experienced in 2004 and lacks support as material evidence for any
specific claims for his two sisters’ and mother’s current gang mistreatment since
his previous proceeding. Thus, the BIA properly concluded that Clavel Gonzalez
did not produce material evidence of changed country conditions since his previous
hearing, so his motion to reopen was time-barred.
PETITION DENIED.
5