People v. Alfaro CA2/6

Filed 8/24/16 P. v. Alfaro CA2/6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or
ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SIX
THE PEOPLE, 2d Crim. No. B267502
(Super. Ct. No. 2013014879)
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Ventura County)
v.
MARIO ALFARO,
Defendant and Appellant.
Mario Alfaro was subject to postrelease community supervision (PRCS) when
he was arrested for alleged violations of his PRCS conditions. (Pen. Code, § 3451.)1 His
informal probable cause hearing was before a probation officer. Subsequently, the trial
court found him in violation of PRCS. He contends, among other things, that the PRCS
revocation process violated his right to due process. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In 2013, Alfaro pled guilty to failure to register. (§ 290.011, subd. (a).) He
was placed on probation. In 2014, he violated his probation terms and was sentenced to 16
months in state prison.
On December 31, 2014, Alfaro was released on PRCS.
On July 28, 2015, Alfaro was arrested for violating his PRCS terms. The next
day, a probable cause hearing was held before Probation Officer Venessa Meza who found
1
All statutory references are to the Penal Code.
probable cause that Alfaro violated his PRCS conditions. On August 6, 2015, the Ventura
County Probation Agency filed a petition to revoke PRCS and scheduled a hearing date for
August 13, 2015.
On August 13, 2015, Alfaro filed a motion “to dismiss the petition.” Citing
Williams v. Superior Court (2014) 230 Cal. App. 4th 636 (Williams) and Morrissey v. Brewer
(1972) 408 U.S. 471 (Morrissey), he claimed the PRCS revocation procedure violated his
due process rights. The trial court denied the motion and found Alfaro received “a
Morrissey compliant probable cause hearing . . . .” Then the court held a PRCS revocation
hearing. Alfaro submitted on the allegations of the petition. The court found the allegations
in the petition “to be true.” It ordered Alfaro to serve 100 days in the county jail with a
credit of 34 days.
DISCUSSION
Alfaro contends, among other things, that 1) he did not have a probable cause
hearing that complied with Morrissey standards; 2) the PRCS process violates Williams and
Proposition 9; 3) the probation officer conducts only “a pro forma, ex-parte interview,”
instead of a “fact-finding” probable cause hearing; 4) the officer was not neutral; and 5) the
officer did not advise him of his rights.
The PRCS procedures here did not violate Alfaro’s equal protection or due
process rights. (People v. Gutierrez (2016) 245 Cal. App. 4th 393, 402-404; see also People
v. Byron (2016) 246 Cal. App. 4th 1009, 1014-1017.) After his arrest for violating PRCS
conditions, Alfaro received a prompt probable cause hearing. (Gutierrez, at p. 402.) The
PRCS hearing officers who decide probable cause are neutral decision makers. (Morrissey,
supra, 408 U.S. at p. 485 [“someone not directly involved in the case”]; Gutierrez, at
p. 402.) PRCS procedures and Proposition 9 parole procedures involve different types of
offenders and different procedures. (Gutierrez, at pp. 403-404.) There are valid
justifications for the different procedures. (Ibid.) Consequently, “there is no requirement
that the PRCS revocations and parole revocations use the identical procedure or timeline.”
(People v. Byron, supra, 246 Cal.App.4th at p. 1017.) Alfaro relies on Williams. But
“Williams is not a PRCS case and did not consider the due process requirements for a PRCS
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revocation.” (Byron, at p. 1016.) “The requirement for a formal arraignment in the superior
court within 10 days of arrest, as discussed in Williams, does not apply to PRCS
revocations.” (Id. at p. 1017.)
Alfaro did not present evidence in the trial court to support many of the factual
claims he raises on appeal. He also raises issues that were not raised in the trial court.
(People v. Vines (2011) 51 Cal. 4th 830, 867 [claims on appeal are forfeited where they are
not initially raised in the trial court].)
Alfaro suggests the record does not show that a probable cause hearing
occurred or that there was a factual “determination” that he violated PRCS conditions. He
claims Probation Officer Meza was directly involved in the case. But the probation officer’s
written report for revocation establishes that “an administrative hearing was held,” and
Meza determined there was probable cause to show PRCS violations. Alfaro submitted on
the PRCS violations listed in the petition at the revocation hearing. His probation officer
who supervised his PRCS compliance was Maria Esparza, not Meza.
Alfaro contends that he was not advised of his rights before or during the
probable cause hearing and that he did not receive a postrelease community supervision
advisement of rights form. But he did not testify or preserve a factual record in the trial
court to preserve these claims. (People v. Vines, supra, 51 Cal.4th at p. 867.)
Moreover, the record contains an eight-page PRCS postrelease terms and
conditions form which Alfaro signed in 2014. It sets forth the PRCS conditions he was
subject to. The probation officer’s “written report for revocation” lists the PRCS violations
with a factual summary. It shows that Alfaro was “informed of the . . . violations,” that he
“refused the waiver offer” at the probable cause hearing, and that he “requested a formal
Court hearing.” (Italics added) He consequently was aware of his right to challenge the
petition to revoke PRCS in court. He was also advised of his “right to counsel” and he
requested counsel. (See People v. Byron, supra, 246 Cal.App.4th at p. 1017.) He did not
waive his right to contest any alleged PRCS violation at the revocation hearing.
Alfaro suggests he should have had counsel at the probable cause hearing.
But “[n]owhere in the PRCS statutory revocation scheme is there a requirement for the
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appointment of counsel at the initial [probable cause] hearing.” (People v. Byron, supra,
246 Cal.App.4th at p. 1016, fn. 4.) He was represented by counsel at his motion to dismiss
and at the revocation hearing. “The hearing on the motion to dismiss was tantamount to a
second probable cause hearing.” (Id. at p. 1017.) The probable cause hearing before Meza
was “the functional equivalent of an arraignment and a probable cause ruling.” (Ibid.)
“Assuming, arguendo, that Williams applies to PRCS revocation hearings, [Alfaro] received
functionally equivalent protections and any deviation in the timing or substance of the
hearings was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.” (Ibid.)
Moreover, the denial of a Morrissey-compliant probable cause hearing does
not warrant reversal unless it results in prejudice at the revocation hearing. (In re La Croix
(1974) 12 Cal. 3d 146, 154-155.) Alfaro makes no showing that a due process defect
prejudiced him or affected the outcome of the PRCS revocation hearing. (In re Moore
(1975) 45 Cal. App. 3d 285, 294; see also In re Winn (1975) 13 Cal. 3d 694, 698 [defendant
has the burden of showing prejudice].) Alfaro was represented by counsel at the revocation
hearing and he submitted on the allegations of the petition. He has served the custodial
sanction. “[T]here is nothing for us to remedy . . . .” (Spencer v. Kemna (1998) 523 U.S. 1,
18.) We have reviewed his remaining contentions and conclude he has not shown grounds
for reversal.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
GILBERT, P. J.
We concur:
YEGAN, J.
PERREN, J.
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Donald D. Coleman, Judge
Superior Court County of Ventura
______________________________
Wayne C. Tobin, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Shawn McGahey
Webb, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Nathan Guttman, Deputy Attorney General,
for Plaintiff and Respondent.
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