People v. Olson CA2/1

Filed 8/26/20 P. v. Olson CA2/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
THE PEOPLE, B300206
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. YA018677)
v.
ERICA DAWN OLSON
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los
Angeles County, Hector M. Guzman, Judge. Affirmed.
Vanessa Place, under appointment by the Court of Appeal,
for Defendant and Appellant.
Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief
Assistant Attorney General, Susan Sullivan Pithey, Assistant
Attorney General, Charles S. Lee and Scott A. Taryle, Deputy
Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
______________________
Defendant Erica Dawn Olson appeals from the trial court’s
summary denial of her Penal Code section 1170.95 petition for
resentencing.1 The trial court determined that Olson was
ineligible for resentencing as a matter of law because she was a
major participant in a burglary and robbery who acted with
reckless indifference to human life. Olson contends she made a
prima facie showing that she was entitled to relief, and the trial
court’s ruling improperly relied upon the jury’s special
circumstance finding made prior to People v. Banks (2015) 61
Cal.4th 788 (Banks), a prior habeas denial, and the statement of
facts from our 1997 opinion, People v. Olson (May 30, 1997,
B099988) [nonpub. opn.] (Olson). Consistent with this court’s
recent opinion in People v. Galvan (Aug. 4, 2020, B300323) ___
Cal.App.5th ___ [2020 WL 4462175] (Galvan), we conclude that
because Olson could still be convicted of murder under the new
felony murder rule, she is ineligible for section 1170.95 relief as a
matter of law. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
A. Olson Is Convicted of Felony Murder
We quote a portion of the facts from our unpublished
opinion, Olson, supra, B099988: “[Terri Lynne] West lived . . .
with her infant daughter, Carlie, and with 12-year-old Ashley,
whom West was adopting. Olson was a friend of West’s and had
lived with West for approximately two months; she had a key to
the apartment. [Robert] Foster, who was Olson’s boyfriend, had
spent the night at the apartment with Olson on more than one
occasion. At some point, West and Foster had a
1 All unspecified statutory references are to the Penal Code.
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disagreement . . . . West and Olson then had a disagreement.
Olson moved out of the apartment” and moved in with Foster at
the YMCA. (Olson, supra, B099988.)
“In early February 1994, Thomas Sembower (Sembower)
met Foster, Olson and [Marcus Terral] Brewington . . . . Foster
asked Sembower to help . . . burglarize a place he and Olson
knew. . . . The other participants would be Foster, Olson,
Brewington, and [Linnette O’Neal] Blocker. Olson and Blocker
would restrain the children. Sembower’s role would be to help
restrain the boyfriend. Foster explained he did not like the
woman whose apartment they were going to burglarize . . . .
They were going to use a taser on the occupants of the apartment
while they were asleep; Foster also said he would use a knife
from the kitchen.” (Olson, supra, B099988.) They also discussed
items they would take from West’s apartment.
“On February 8, 1994, Sembower met Foster and the others
at the YMCA to discuss the matter further. Foster took
Sembower aside; he said he had changed plans. Rather than
restraining the burglary victims, they would kill them.
Sembower refused to participate under these circumstances . . . .”
(Olson, supra, B099988.)
“[That night,] Foster, Olson, Brewington and Blocker had
taken a bus to West’s apartment, arriving at approximately
11:00 p.m. They waited in a nearby park for approximately one
hour until West and the children returned home. As they waited,
Foster, Olson, and Brewington discussed entering West’s
apartment to steal her belongings and then killing the family.
Foster, who had a butcher knife, said he would break West’s
neck. Brewington said he would ‘take care of the baby.’ ” (Olson,
supra, B099988.)
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“Shortly after they saw West drive up . . . and enter the
apartment, the quartet left the park and went to the apartment.
Foster used Olson’s key to open the door. As the others entered
the apartment, Foster went to West’s bedroom. He attacked her
with the knife, inflicting a number of stab wounds. She also was
struck forcefully 15 to 20 times. She ultimately died from
strangulation.” (Olson, supra, B099988.)
“Olson and Foster were interviewed at the El Segundo
police station. Olson told [the] police that Foster had a drawing
of the interior of West’s apartment and each of them had a job to
do. The original plan was to enter the apartment, break the
necks of the occupants, [and] remove West’s money and
valuables . . . .” (Olson, supra, B099988.)
“Foster testified in his own defense. . . . [¶] Foster planned
to kill West because of the way she had attempted to turn Olson
against him. . . . He planned to take West’s property as a
coverup, to make it look like a burglary had taken place. . . . [¶]
Just after midnight on February 9, 1994, Foster was at a park
near West’s apartment with Olson, Brewington and Blocker.
After West returned home, they waited about 30 minutes for her
to go to sleep.” (Olson, supra, B099988.)
Foster entered West’s bedroom. “He stood over the bed for
about five seconds, then West awoke and asked who he was and
what he wanted. He pulled back his scarf; West recognized him
and tried to move away from him. She kept asking what he
wanted, her voice getting louder each time, until finally she was
screaming.” (Olson, supra, B099988.) Foster stabbed her, choked
her, and cut her neck.
“Foster heard scuffling sounds from Ashley’s room; she was
crying and calling for her mother. Brewington came to him and
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said that a police vehicle had pulled up by the apartment
building. A couple of minutes later, he reported the police were
still there and Olson was starting to panic.” (Olson, supra,
B099988.)
“Foster was not telling the truth when he told [the] police
. . . the incident was a result of a burglary gone bad. His sole
intent was to kill West.” (Olson, supra, B099988.)
A jury convicted Olson of first degree murder and found
true the special circumstance allegation—to wit, that while Olson
was not the actual killer, she with reckless indifference to human
life and as a major participant, aided, abetted, counseled,
commanded, induced, solicited, requested, or assisted in the
commission of a residential burglary and residential robbery that
resulted in West’s death. (See § 190.2, subd. (d).) Olson was also
convicted of burglary and two counts of robbery. As to the
murder, Olson was sentenced to life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole. We affirmed the judgment against Olson.
(See Olson, supra, B099988.)
B. The Trial Court Denies Olson’s Petition for Writ of
Habeas Corpus
In Banks, supra, 61 Cal.4th 788, the California Supreme
Court clarified under what circumstances a defendant could be
deemed a major participant in an underlying felony who acted
with reckless indifference to human life. Thereafter, Olson filed a
petition for writ of habeas corpus in the trial court.2 She argued
2 Notwithstanding Olson’s efforts to obtain the pleadings or
the trial court’s order relating to the habeas petition, these
documents were not included in the record on appeal. We
obtained a copy of Olson’s appellate habeas petition, which
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that under Banks, the evidence at trial was insufficient to
establish she was a major participant in the underlying felonies
who acted with reckless indifference to human life.
Upon reviewing the parties’ briefs, the trial court
determined an evidentiary hearing was not necessary. In a
written order, the trial court considered the Banks factors and
denied the petition. On December 22, 2016, this court denied
Olson’s petition for writ of habeas corpus.
C. The Trial Court Denies Olson’s Section 1170.95
Petition
In 2018, the Legislature passed Senate Bill No. 1437 (2017-
2018 Reg. Sess.), effective January 1, 2019, “to amend the felony
murder rule and the natural and probable consequences doctrine,
as it relates to murder, to ensure that murder liability is not
imposed on a person who is not the actual killer, did not act with
the intent to kill, or was not a major participant in the
underlying felony who acted with reckless indifference to human
life.” (Stats. 2018, ch. 1015, § 1, subd. (f); see § 189, subd. (e).)
Senate Bill No. 1437 also enacted section 1170.95, which
permitted persons who would no longer be guilty of murder under
the new law to petition the trial court for resentencing.
(§ 1170.95, subd. (a).)
On May 10, 2019, Olson filed a section 1170.95 petition for
resentencing relief. In her petition, Olson quoted the statement
of facts from our 1997 appellate opinion in its entirety. She then
argued that “proper application of the new law to her case would
mean that she could not be convicted of murder under the newly
attached the traverse and the trial court’s October 28, 2016
written order and minute order denying Olson’s habeas petition.
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amended sections 188 or 189. This is because of the clarification
of the applicable special circumstance provided by the court in
Banks . . . reveals that there was insufficient evidence to support
the jury finding that the special circumstance alleged in her case
was true.”
To her petition, Olson attached her declaration, a copy of
the 1997 appellate opinion, and a 1997 declaration of Robert
Foster. Among other things, Olson averred that “[i[f granted a
hearing, I will be able to present additional facts and evidence in
light of the clarification provided by the Supreme Court in [Banks
and People v. Clark (2016) 63 Cal.4th 522 (Clark)].” In his
declaration, Foster claimed that on the night of the murder, the
quartet went to West’s house to get back some of Olson’s clothing.
When they arrived at West’s apartment, a mutual friend was
there with West. Foster contends this mutual friend killed West.
On May 24, 2019, the trial court denied Olson’s section
1170.95 petition. The court found that “[t]he facts of the case
[from the 1997 appellate opinion], the jury finding as to the
special circumstance allegation and the trial court’s previous
ruling on Habeas regarding the special circumstance allegation,
supports the conclusion that [Olson] intended to kill, aid, abet, or
assist the actual killer or killers in the commission of murder in
the first degree, and or, was a major participant in the murder
and acted with reckless indifference to human life during the
course of the murder.” (Fn. omitted.) Thus, “[Olson’s] murder
conviction meets the requirements of the new provisions of
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[section] 189[, subdivision ](e). [¶] [Olson] is not entitled to relief
under section 1170.95 as a matter of law.”3
Olson timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
Under section 1170.95, subdivision (a), a person convicted
of felony murder may petition the trial court for resentencing
“when all of the following conditions apply: [¶] (1) A complaint,
information, or indictment was filed against the petitioner that
allowed the prosecution to proceed under a theory of felony
murder or murder under the natural and probable consequences
doctrine. [¶] (2) The petitioner was convicted of first degree or
second degree murder following a trial or accepted a plea offer in
lieu of a trial at which the petitioner could be convicted for first
degree or second degree murder. [¶] (3) The petitioner could not
be convicted of first or second degree murder because of changes to
Section 188 or 189 made effective January 1, 2019.” (Italics
added.)
If a petitioner demonstrates a prima facie showing of
eligibility under subdivision (a) of section 1170.95, the trial court
must then appoint counsel and order briefing. (Id., subd. (c);
People v. Verdugo (2020) 44 Cal.App.5th 320, 332, review granted
Mar. 18, 2020, S260493 [concluding under subd. (c) of § 1170.95,
petitioner must demonstrate two prima facie showings]; People v.
Lewis (2020) 43 Cal.App.5th 1128, 1140, review granted Mar. 18,
2020, S260598 [holding § 1170.95, subd. (c), does not require
3 In its order, the trial court found that Olson “has not
alleged facts establishing an exception to the rule barring
reconsideration of [habeas] claims previously rejected.”
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appointment of counsel “until the court makes the threshold
determination that petitioner ‘falls within the provisions’ of the
statute”].) If the petitioner makes a second prima facie showing
that she is entitled to relief, the trial court must issue an order to
show cause why resentencing relief should not be granted.
(§ 1170.95, subd. (c); Verdugo, supra, at pp. 328-329.) “At the
hearing to determine whether the petitioner is entitled to relief,
the burden of proof shall be on the prosecution to prove, beyond a
reasonable doubt, that the petitioner is ineligible for
resentencing. . . .” (§ 1170.95, subd. (d)(3).)
Olson argues the trial court’s summary denial of her
section 1170.95 petition was erroneous in several respects. Olson
contends her petition established a prima facie showing that she
was entitled to relief, and therefore under the statute, the court
should have proceeded to a full evidentiary hearing at which the
prosecution bore the burden to prove the special circumstance.
Citing People v. Torres (2020) 46 Cal.App.5th 1168, review
granted June 24, 2020, S262011 and People v. Smith (2020) 49
Cal.App.5th 85, review granted July 22, 2020, S262835, Olson
argues that the trial court could not rely on the jury’s pre-Banks
special circumstance finding to summarily deny her petition.
Olson also argues the trial court erred in relying upon her prior
habeas denial and, on the basis such statements are hearsay, the
statement of facts from our 1997 opinion. Olson also argues
section 1170.95 required the trial court to appoint counsel for
Olson upon receipt of the petition.
As discussed in Galvan, supra, ___ Cal.App.5th at p. ___
[2020 WL 4462175 at p. *1], we construe section 1170.95
differently than People v. Torres, supra, 46 Cal.App.5th 1168 and
People v. Smith, supra, 49 Cal.App.5th 85. Olson cannot
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demonstrate the initial prima facie showing required under
section 1170.95, subdivision (a)(3), that she now could not be
convicted of first or second degree murder because of the changes
to section 188 or 189. A defendant may still be convicted of felony
murder under amended section 189, subdivision (e), if she was a
major participant who acted with reckless indifference to human
life. (See § 189, subd. (e).) Thus, Olson’s petition does not depend
on Senate Bill No. 1437’s changes to the felony murder doctrine.
Rather, as in Galvan, her petition depends on “the clarification of
the requirements for a special circumstance finding in Banks and
Clark.” (Galvan, supra, at p. ___ [2020 WL 4462175 at p. *4].)
The proper vehicle for such a challenge is a petition for writ of
habeas corpus. (People v. Gomez (2020) 52 Cal.App.5th 1, 17;
accord, Galvan, supra, at p. ___ [2020 WL 4462175 at p. *4].)
Accordingly, Olson’s arguments relating to the trial court’s
reliance on the jury’s special circumstance finding, prior habeas
denial, and appellate opinion’s statement of facts are moot.
Olson challenges the trial court’s adoption of the conclusion in the
jury’s finding and habeas denial that she was a major participant
who acted with reckless indifference to human life. Further, she
challenges the trial court’s use of the statement of facts from our
1997 appellate opinion as a source of evidence for this
determination.
We need not decide whether such use of these records was
permissible. The trial court needed to review the petition or
record of conviction only insofar as necessary to identify the
undisputed fact that because there was a pre-Banks jury finding
that the alleged special circumstance was true and no subsequent
finding that the special circumstance was false, Olson could not
establish that she “could not” be convicted of first or second
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degree murder under Senate Bill No. 1437.4 (See § 1170.95,
subd. (d)(2) [“If there was a prior finding by a court or jury that
the petitioner did not act with reckless indifference to human life
or was not a major participant in the felony, the court shall
vacate the petitioner’s conviction and resentence the petitioner”
(italics added)].)
We are mindful that Olson previously filed a petition for
writ of habeas corpus challenging the special circumstance
finding under Banks. We do not have before us the question of
whether a subsequent habeas petition on the same grounds
should be considered on the merits by the trial court. A summary
denial of a habeas petition is not law of the case or res judicata.
(Gomez v. Superior Court (2012) 54 Cal.4th 293, 305, fn. 6.)
However, “[a] claim that is duplicative of a claim raised in a
previous habeas petition is also subject to dismissal, absent a
change in the facts or the law.” (In re Sims (2018) 27 Cal.App.5th
195, 206, citing In re Reno (2012) 55 Cal.4th 428, 459-460; In re
Clark (1993) 5 Cal.4th 750, 769-770.)
Finally, Olson argues the trial court erred in summarily
denying her petition without first appointing counsel. However,
the trial court need not appoint counsel until after a petitioner
passes the first prima facie review stage. (People v. Lewis, supra,
43 Cal.App.5th at p. 1140; accord, People v. Cornelius (2020) 44
Cal.App.5th 54, 58, review granted Mar. 18, 2020, S260410.) As
discussed above, she did not.
4 The trial court may rely upon readily ascertainable
materials in the court file and record of conviction in making the
threshold determination of eligibility. (People v. Verdugo, supra,
44 Cal.App.5th at pp. 329-330; People v. Lewis, supra, 43
Cal.App.5th at pp. 1137-1138.)
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DISPOSITION
The May 24, 2019 order denying Olson’s petition is
affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
SINANIAN, J.*
We concur:
ROTHSCHILD, P. J.
BENDIX, J.
*Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the
Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California
Constitution.
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